Income Taxation Research Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Income Taxation Project - Research Paper Example He is thinking on the various aspects and benefits of loan like tax implications, deductions, and alternative minimum tax (AMT) etc. He wants to be wise in taking the loan, so that he doesn’t miss any of the tax benefits. He is also seeking further tax advice on this and wants to know if the tax deductions for house owners will cause him to pay more AMT than which he normally pays because of his high income. 2. Mr. Block can avail tax benefits on as per the regulations specified in IRS Publication 936 Main Content. This includes mortgage interest, mortgage interest premiums etc. He can also detect the payments made during purchase such as Real Estate Taxes (IRS Publication 530, Main content). If he prepays the interest for mortgage that interest can also be deducted as mortgage interest as per Topic 504, Home Mortgage Points. 4. The amount of loan Mr. Block requires is greater than $100,000. In that case, he will not be able to deduct all the interest he pays towards the loan. This is present in Topic 504, Home Mortgage points. The loan period also plays a major role in the deductions he can avail. He can avail benefits if the loan period is not greater than 30 years. Also, Mr. Block can reduce the interest only if the debt is a secured debt. Further details can be obtained from IRS Publication 936 Main Content. 5. Mr. Block should also be concerned about the various Fraud practices and schemes such as property flipping, more than one settlement statement for the same house etc. as mentioned in the IRS Mortgage and Real estate Fraud section. 1. Does his earlier investment or salary have any impact on the maximum loan amount that he can get? What will be the case if he does not have a steady income and investment? Will he be able to buy the house? Generally, home mortgage interest is any interest you pay on a loan secured by your home (main home or a second home).

Much Ad About Nothing Essay Example for Free

Much Ad About Nothing Essay Write about the ways in which Shakespeare presents the relationship between Beatrice and Benedick in Much Ado About Nothing and compare it with the ways in which relationships are presented in ‘Sonnet 130’, ‘Sonnet 43’ and ‘Salome’. In Much Ado About Nothing, Shakespeare presents an interesting relationship between the characters of Beatrice and Benedick. We can compare their relationships with the poems ‘Sonnet 130’, ‘Sonnet 43’ and ‘Salome’ and the relationships presented in them. Although Shakespeare includes a conventional relationship between Hero and Claudio, he also decides to involve a different affair between Beatrice and Benedick. One of these moments where we can begin to understand their relationship is during the First Meeting. In Act 1 Scene 1, Benedick uses imagery of a bird to mock Beatrice. On line 126, Benedick says to Beatrice â€Å"Well, you are a rare parrot-teacher†. Benedick could be mocking Beatrice by suggesting that she can’t say anything original and only copies what others say, therefore relating to the imagery of a parrot. However, the word ‘rare’ shows that Benedick recognises the unique characteristics of Beatrice and that she is standing out from the crowd, consequently hinting his disguised love for her. Additionally, this quotation also relates to the context of time as women, in those days, could be punished for talking too much. Benedick could be taking advantage of the conventions of time to put Beatrice in her place in their relationship with each other. The parrot imagery can also relate to a poem called Sonnet 130. This is because, in Sonnet 130, the poe t says â€Å"I love to hear her speak, yet well i know, That music hath a far more pleasing sound;†. We can link the first phrase of Sonnet 130 with Benedicks quote of a ‘rare’ parrot-teacher. By including the word rare before the imagery of a bird, suggests that although Beatrice may talk too much, Benedick still enjoys listening to her speak hence relating to Sonnet 130 â€Å"I love to hear her speak†. As well as this, the second line of Sonnet 130 â€Å"that music hath far more a pleasing sound† links to why Benedick uses the imagery of a bird to mock Beatrice in the first place. As he includes the phrase ‘parrot-teacher’, it indicates that even though he enjoys listening to her speak, perhaps as she speaks too much, means that there are better things to  be heard. Overall, within the First Meeting of Beatrice and benedick, Shakespeare begins an interesting relationship causing the audience to be intrigued and persuaded to keep watching. Shakespeare proceeds with their relationship in Scene 1 Act 11 at the Masked Ball. Here, Benedick and Beatrice are presented as hostile towards one another as Benedick is masked, unable to reveal his identity, as Beatrice is basically insulting him while pretending that she doesn’t know who he really is. She says that Benedick will â€Å"break a comparison or two on me, which peradventure not marked, or not laughed at, strikes him into melancholy, and then there’s a partridge wing saved, for the fool will eat no supper that night.† She is making the case that benedick is so weak-minded that no one will laugh at his jokes. Then Benedick will be so upset that no one listens to his witty comparisons that he loses his appetite and is unable even to eat a partridge wing, which would be a small meal anyway. But perhaps the idea of consuming food could be changed to create a more interesting insight of Beatrice’s insult. Beatrice could also be saying that Benedick is weak but has lost his appetite not for food but for life because he is regarded so low by his friends. It could also be a reference to Benedick losing his sexual appetite. In Beatrice’s quote, she uses a powerful metaphor to insult Benedick’s manhood. This would be particularly astonishing given the context of time: women were expected to say less than men. However, in this scene Beatrice is particularly outspoken by saying something which is immensely rude; this is completely going against the conventions of time. Beatrice would also be living up to the expectation at the time as women were more sexual than men and would be prone to having affairs and ultimately cuckolding men. We could compare Benedick and Beatrice relationship throughout the Masked Ball with the poem ‘Salome’. Salome presents someone who is confessing to something that they are guilty of. One line says ‘cut out the booze and the fags and the sex.’ This indicates that the person is wanting to lose their appetite for sex whereas within Beatrice’s insult towards Benedick, it refers to a possibility of Benedick losing his sexual appetite without wanting to. Furthermore, we could link when Beatrice says ‘for the fool will eat no supper tonight’ to another quote from Salome: ‘was his head on a platter’. Perhaps when Beatrice says that Benedick will have no supper, she could really mean that he is the supper.

Giotto :: Essays Papers

Giotto The artist I chose for my work was Giotto and his artwork The Epiphany. Giotto was one of the great artists during the period of Renaissance. The painting of the Giotto The Epiphany is about the birth of Jesus. The material used in this painting is tempera on wood. It is painted on to wooden panel with gold ground. Tempera is an egg-based paint, which help the painting look shinier and long lasting. There were many things, which I learned about Giotto, which I was unaware during my research. I found out when Giotto was born and when he die where was he born. I found out that Giotto talent was discovered by Cimabue and he was the teacher of Giotto and how Cimabue supposedly saw the 12- year-old boy sketching one of his father’s sheep on a flat rock and was so impressed with his talent that he persuaded the father to let Giotto become his pupil. I learned that Giotto first being freed from the shackle of medieval restraint. Giotto was mainly known for his religious artwork which help me in coming t conclusion that he was dealt largely in the religious subjects, but he also gave these subject an earthly, full-blooded life and forces. I found out that in 1334 the city of Florence honored Giotto with the title of Magnus Magister (Great Master) and appointed him city architect and superintendent of public works. In this capacity he designed the famous campanile (bell t ower). During my research I was able to find out about Giotto’s family that he was married and left six children at his death. There was one really interest thing about Giotto was the work of designing Campanile was left unfinished by Giotto this was because he died at the time he was doing this work. He also left his impact of artwork on high renaissance artist like Michelangelo that this artist used Giotto’s idea of painting. During my research of Giotto and his artwork The Epiphany there were lots of question in my mind of which some were answered and some were not answered and they still trouble me.

What are Ontology and Epistemology? Essay -- Philosophy, Truth

What are ontology and epistemology and why are they important in social science research Introduction The study of any particular science involves embracing particular and specific ontology, epistemology and methodologies that are different from each other. Ontology is the concept that defines and explains the essential types of truth (Blaikie 2009). Every field of science constitutes its own ontology and in most cases two types of ontology exists: formal ontology and domain ontology (Blaikie 2009). Formal ontology type of research always postulates something general related to reality while on the other hand domain ontology postulate something specific with regard to different types of truths (Blaikie 2009). On its part epistemology constitute a science concept that defines how human and the general population of the world know and reason the particular truth. The two concepts are differentiated by particular assumptions that are associated with each of them. For instance assumptions associated with ontology include: shallow realist, conceptual realist, cautious realist, depth real ist and idealist (Blaikie 2009). On the other hand assumptions related to epistemology include: empiricism, rationalism, falsificationism, neo-realism and constructionism (Blaikie 2009). Therefore the purpose of this essay will be to define objectivism and inteprativism as related to ontology, define positivism and interpretavism as related to epistemology, explain how ontology and epistemology are linked and how they influence each other, before lastly looking at how important ontology and epistemology are. Objectivism and interprativism in ontology Blaike (2000) asserted that ontology to involve, â€Å"claims and assumptions that are made about natur... ...oherent research practice functions to collect and communicate information about the world, a scenario enabled by key concepts of ontology and epistemology. Conclusion Social reality in general is viewed as a complex of causal relations between events that are depicted as patchwork of relationships between variables. Generally, causes of human behavior are regarded as being external to the individual and knowledge is seen to be derived from sensory experience by means of experimental or comparative analysis and concepts and generalizations are summaries of particular observations. In reality, claims have been made about what is observed with the senses is what is real and that scientific laws are similar with empirical regularities. In summary, key concepts of ontology and epistemology have played important role in shaping and guiding social research processes.

Comparison and Contrast on Theory XY and Z Essay

Douglas McGregor suggested that there are two different ways in which we can look at workers attitudes toward work. Each of these views, which McGregor called Theory X and Theory Y, has implications for management. Theory X (‘authoritarian management’ style) -People do not really like to work and will avoid it if at all possible so they must be coerced, controlled, directed, threatened with punishment to get them to work. -The average worker avoids responsibility, is unambitious and wants security more than anything else. -Management based on Theory X is paternalistic at best and, at very least, authoritarian. -Rewards and punishment are assumed in this theory to be the key to employee productivity. Theory X managers believe that workers are only motivated by one thing – money. They are selfish, lazy and hate work. They need to be closely controlled and directed. Theory Y (‘participative management’ style) The theory Y is to some extent the opposite image of X -Effort in work is as natural as rest and play. -People will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organizational objectives, and the external control or the threat of punishment is not the only means of getting them to work. -Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement. The most important reward: satisfaction of their own ego needs. -People usually accept and often seek responsibility. -Creativity, ingenuity, and imagination are widely distributed among the population. People are capable of using these abilities to solve an organizational problem. -In modern industry the intellectual potential of the average person is only partly utilized. Theory Y managers believe that Workers are motivated by many different factors apart from money. They enjoy their work and they will happily take on responsibility and make decisions for the business. Theory z – William Ouchi Theory Z makes certain assumptions about workers: People tend to want to build cooperative and intimate working relationships with those that they work for and with, as well as the people that work for them. They have a high need to be supported by the company, and highly value a working environment in which such things as family, cultures and traditions, and social institutions are regarded as equally important as the work itself. They have a very well developed sense of order, discipline, moral obligation to work hard, and a sense of cohesion with their fellow workers. Finally, Theory Z workers can be trusted to do their jobs to their utmost ability, so long as management can be trusted to support them and look out for their well being. One of the best aspects of theory Z is the long-term employment which would appeal to Americans because they want job security. The collective decision making will create a good work environment and increase productivity. Something that Americans won’t like is the slow evaluation and promotion. Americans don’t like to wait years before they can get a promotion and they  would rather get a new job instead. Another great benefit is that the company will have holistic concern for you and your family. Theory Z also places more reliance on the attitude and responsibilities of the workers, whereas McGregor’s XY theory is mainly focused on management and motivation from the manager’s and organization’s perspective. Comparison & Contrast Douglas McGregor tends to categorize people as one type or another: either being unwilling or unmotivated to work, or being self-motivated towards work. Threats and disciplinary action are thought to be used more effectively in this situation, although monetary rewards can also be a prime motivator to make Theory X workers produce more. William Ouchi believes that people are innately self-motivated to not only do their work, but are loyal towards the company, and want to make the company succeed. Theory X leaders would be more authoritarian, while Theory Y leaders would be more participative. But in both cases it seems that the managers would still retain a great deal of control. Theory Z managers would have to have a great deal of trust that their workers could make sound decisions. Therefore, this type of leader is more likely to act as â€Å"coach†, and let the workers make most of the decisions. As mentioned above, McGregor’s managers, in both cases, would seem to keep most of the power and authority. In the case of Theory Y, the manager would take suggestions from workers, but would keep the power to implement the decision. Theory Z suggests that the manager’s ability to exercise power and authority comes from the worker’s trusting management to take care of them, and allow them to do their jobs. The workers have a great deal of input and weight in the decision making process. Conflict in the Theory Z arena would involve a great deal of discussion, collaboration, and negotiation. The workers would be the ones solving the  conflicts, while the managers would play more of a â€Å"third party arbitrator† role. This type of manager might be more likely to exercise a great deal of â€Å"Power† based conflict resolution style, especially with the Theory X workers. Theory Y workers might be given the opportunity to exert â€Å"Negotiating† strategies to solve their own differences. Theory Z emphasizes more frequent performance appraisals, but slower promotions, while according to Theory X, appraisals occur on a regular basis. Promotions also occur on a regular basis.

Free Essays on Mary Wollstonecraft

Victorian Age Mary Wollstonecraft was born in London in 1759 to Edward John Wollstonecraft and Elizabeth Dickson Wollstonecraft. Mary Wollstonecraft’s father, Edward John Wollstonecraft is the son of a successful silk weaver, which enables him to purchase a considerable estate for he and his family. Because Edward Wollstonecraft is a drunkard with a tyrant-like attitude, he squanders his funds, and within a span of ten years, he loses the entire estate and nearly ruins his family. Largely because of the irresponsibility of her father and the social descent of her family, Mary Wollstonecraft leaves home at the peak age of nineteen years old. Mary Wollstonecraft is determined to become an independent woman in a society that generally expected women of her class to be homebodies and obedient wives. She struggles for years to earn a living at the only two jobs acceptable for single, educated women. Always self-reliant, Mary Wollstonecraft first starts and operates a school, then works as a governess before becoming a brilliant nineteenth century writer. Even in her precarious position as as self-supporting woman, Mary Wollstonecraft remains in some conflicting senses, a child of the middle classes. Between the years 1778 and 1787, Mary Wollstonecraft virtually tries every honorable occupation open to middle-class women. In 1787, she finally sheds her dependence and moves back to London with a strong determination to become what she calls, â€Å"the first new genus, â€Å" which is a self-supporting professional woman writer. By 1788 Mary Wollstonecraft publishes two works that epitomize the two poles that dominate her emotional struggle as a young woman. Her first work is called Mary, A Fiction, which is a novel of her life, and all the obstacles that she faces in order to get where she is in life. The second work that Mary Wollstonecraft does is called, Thoughts on the Education of Daughters, which is a collection of essays that ... Free Essays on Mary Wollstonecraft Free Essays on Mary Wollstonecraft Victorian Age Mary Wollstonecraft was born in London in 1759 to Edward John Wollstonecraft and Elizabeth Dickson Wollstonecraft. Mary Wollstonecraft’s father, Edward John Wollstonecraft is the son of a successful silk weaver, which enables him to purchase a considerable estate for he and his family. Because Edward Wollstonecraft is a drunkard with a tyrant-like attitude, he squanders his funds, and within a span of ten years, he loses the entire estate and nearly ruins his family. Largely because of the irresponsibility of her father and the social descent of her family, Mary Wollstonecraft leaves home at the peak age of nineteen years old. Mary Wollstonecraft is determined to become an independent woman in a society that generally expected women of her class to be homebodies and obedient wives. She struggles for years to earn a living at the only two jobs acceptable for single, educated women. Always self-reliant, Mary Wollstonecraft first starts and operates a school, then works as a governess before becoming a brilliant nineteenth century writer. Even in her precarious position as as self-supporting woman, Mary Wollstonecraft remains in some conflicting senses, a child of the middle classes. Between the years 1778 and 1787, Mary Wollstonecraft virtually tries every honorable occupation open to middle-class women. In 1787, she finally sheds her dependence and moves back to London with a strong determination to become what she calls, â€Å"the first new genus, â€Å" which is a self-supporting professional woman writer. By 1788 Mary Wollstonecraft publishes two works that epitomize the two poles that dominate her emotional struggle as a young woman. Her first work is called Mary, A Fiction, which is a novel of her life, and all the obstacles that she faces in order to get where she is in life. The second work that Mary Wollstonecraft does is called, Thoughts on the Education of Daughters, which is a collection of essays that ...

A Bear of Very Many Words Winnie-the-Pooh in the Dictionary

A Bear of Very Many Words Winnie-the-Pooh in the Dictionary A Bear of Very Many Words: Winnie-the-Pooh in the Dictionary Did you know that today, January 18, was A. A. Milne’s birthday? To mark this, people around the world are celebrating Milne’s much-loved creation, Winnie-the-Pooh. And for Winnie-the-Pooh Day this year, we thought we’d take a quick look at the language of Pooh. Pooh and friends. But what can a bear of very little brain offer the English language? More than you might expect! In fact, if we look at the Oxford English Dictionary, Pooh and his friends pop up a few times†¦ 1. Pooh-Sticks Perhaps the most obvious bit of Pooh in the dictionary comes with â€Å"pooh-sticks.† This is the game that Winnie-the-Pooh and his friends play by dropping sticks into a river on the upstream side of a bridge. The contestants then rush to the other side to see whose stick emerges first. This might not sound like a competitive sport, but the World Poohsticks Championships have been taking place in England for 35 years now! Pooh-sticks in action.(Photo: Malc McDonald) 2. Eeyore and Tigger Among Pooh’s friends in the Hundred Acre Wood, Eeyore and Tigger stand out for their contributions to the English language. Eeyore, the downbeat donkey, appears in the OED as a term for a â€Å"pessimistic, gloomy, or habitually disconsolate person† (or you can use the adjective â€Å"Eeyore-like, if you prefer). A â€Å"Tigger,† on the other hand, is defined as an â€Å"exuberant, energetic, and cheerful person.† The famously bouncy tiger has also inspired two adjectives: â€Å"Tiggerish† and â€Å"Tigger-like.† It seems, then, that Winnie-the-Pooh offers terms for people of very different temperaments! 3. Heffalumps and Woozles In A. A. Milne’s writing, heffalumps and woozles are (possibly imaginary) creatures that steal honey. And since Winnie-the-Pooh is really, truly very fond of honey, he has to be wary of these sneaky beasts! The words â€Å"heffalump† and â€Å"woozle,† and the creatures’ appearances, are based on the English words â€Å"elephant† and â€Å"weasel,† respectively. But outside of Milne’s writing, â€Å"heffalump† has become a playful word for real-life elephants (or sometimes, less politely, larger human beings). Sadly, the word â€Å"woozle† hasn’t yet made it into the dictionary. However, it has inspired the term â€Å"woozle effect.† This is based on the story of Pooh and Piglet mistaking their own footprints for those of a woozle, then chasing themselves in circles in a hunt for something that doesn’t exist. In the real world, the â€Å"woozle effect† occurs when a misleading or unsubstantiated idea is repeated and republished often enough that people start believing it (or chasing their own footprints, so to speak). So while â€Å"woozle† isn’t in the dictionary yet, it still might appear there one day!

Helpful Tips and Tricks for Night Nurses to Help You Through Your Shift

Helpful Tips and Tricks for Night Nurses to Help You Through Your Shift As a nurse, you’re always caring for others. Given the hectic nature of your job, sometimes you may forget that self-care is important as well. This is especially true for night nurses. Working late nights can take a toll on you mentally and physically. That being said, here are some useful tips and tricks to help you survive. With these tips, you can see what works best for you.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Source [ Independence  Plus ]

Twentieth Century America and Modern Art Research Paper

Twentieth Century America and Modern Art - Research Paper Example The researcher of the essay "Twentieth Century America and Modern Art" aims to investigate twentieth-century African-American modern art. The African American art mainly includes basket weaving, a huge range of arts done on plastic, wood carving, pottery and also painting. The African Americans were taking part in art for some time but they actually got accepted and their art got famous during the middle of the 20th century. In 1950s and 1960s some African American artists hit the cord and become known around the country and were accepted open heartedly. During the same time period a self-claimed group of artists called the Highwaymen which was consisted of around 26 African Americans belonging from Fr. Pierce made paintings of the landscape of Florida and because back then there wasn’t a really common concept of art galleries and that too who would welcome the self-claimed artist group belonging to the community, this group of artist took the other path. They peddled around 2 00,000 and put them in their trucks and went all around selling them directly to the public. Today in the history of American folk and in the History of African American culture they are regarded as and known as one of the most important figures and notable groups who did a lot of amazing work in the field of arts. Their paintings are considered so important in today`s world that the price of their paintings in today`s world is around a thousands of dollars. There was some artist who made their mark in the New York galleries.

What were the major features of economic change in Europe in the Essay

What were the major features of economic change in Europe in the period 1500-1914 - Essay Example This period also marks a time of population growth which clearly impacted on the economic developments being experienced by many European nations during this time. This paper shall discuss the major features of economic change in Europe in the period of 1500 to 1914. The economic changes in United Kingdom and on Germany shall be highlighted for this paper. Body In general, from 1750 to 1914, economic changes in Europe included the introduction of railroad use in the transport of goods. These railroads also helped usher in urbanization and a continuity of the imperialism goals of Europe with the spread of their trade with other countries and with the expansion of political linkages (North Penn School District, 2002). Within this same time period, major economic changes were also seen, especially with the increase in commercialized activities ushered in by improved methods in the transport of goods. It also marked a time of improved communication, with common activities involving terri torial expansion and exploration (North Penn School Disrict, 2002). Europe’s economic activities also shifted from imperialistic goals to colonization activities as Europeans were now considering expansion as a means of gaining advantage over their competitors. This period also marked a time where the European economy shifted from agricultural activities to industrial activities. Homemade goods became factory made and more raw materials were transported from their various colonies. This led to a significant increase in their production of food, clothing, and other products. The motivation to expand at this time was a major goal for Europe and these goals also shifted towards the acquisition of more lands. The colonies also became major sources of raw materials for Europe and as such, Europe was able to rise as a major global economic power. Its attention now shifted from imperialistic to colonialist goals. And this shift in goals was seemingly dictated by its access to mercan tile goals (North Penn School District, 2002). Due to these shift in goals, Europe was able to concentrate its activities toward more industrial goals, expanding its economic activities beyond the ability to feed its population. As a result, it became a major player in trading with its neighbours and with the rest of the world. Two major events were seen from the 1500 to 1914 in Great Britain. This period saw the birth of Industrial Revolution and the manifestation of Demographic Transition (Clark and Cummins, 2009). The Industrial Revolution marked a time of rapid economic growth and the introduction of new innovations. Before the Industrial Revolution, the concern of the governments was to increase population, not to improve their lives. Before the industrial revolution, the higher income population had higher overall fertility rates. Without the industrial revolution, an even greater increase in the population would have been seen (Clark and Hamilton, 2006). Eventually, in Englan d, increased rates in marriage became apparent in the 1890s, however, substantial decrease in fertility rates were seen with the introduction of industrial activities. Hence, the focus of the people and of the government was turned towards decreasing population growth. After 1910, the focus also was turned towards improving the lives of the people – their standards of living – and this saw further possibilities for Britain in improving the potential of the population for more scholarly work (Clark and Cummins, 2009). The Demographic Transition Period was seen from 1870 to 1910. This marked a general decline in net fertility. What was started during the industrial revolution manifested during the period of demographic transition (Clark a

Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Risk Management - Essay Example The conclusion part considers some individual views regarding risk management. Easy Jet is one of the leading budget airlines in Europe. Its operation is spread around 30 countries and serves its customers in more than 100 countries. Various business and popular vacation spots are included among these destination hubs. The organisation is mostly operated in the different destination hubs of Europe. Apart from this the organisation also has its operations in the North America and Middle East regions. Easy Jet offers almost all its tickets through the online booking facilities. No complimentary meal is offered on board. This has helped the organisation to make their costs as low as possible. Easy Jet has a dynamic fleet of 175 Boeing Jets and Airbuses (Hoovers, 2010). Starting in the 1995, the organisation has been able to mark its presence in the aviation industry. Risks are inherent to a business activity. However, the organisation needs to take steps to mitigate the risks. There can be various kinds of risks including strategic, operational, financial and hazard risks. Apart from these there can be certain other classifications of the inherent risks to a business, however those can broadly classified into the previously mentioned four categories. The risks, which the organisation is exposed to, can emerge from a number of factors which can either be external or internal to the organisation. The figure overleaf illustrates the key risks, influenced by the external and internal factors. Almost all of the financial risks including interest risks, foreign exchange and credit risks are externally market driven. However financial risk like liquidity and cash flow risk is both driven by external and internal factors. Strategic risks as changes in intensity of the competition, customer base and external industry environment are externally driven. Risks arising out of the mergers and

Healthcare Policy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Healthcare Policy - Assignment Example A recent evaluation of the UK healthcare policy shows that while policies have contributed to a positive change in society development, there is still need to improve these policies. An area of keen interest is the increase in lifestyle diseases within the country, which has now raised an alarm within the public. Despite the efforts of the NHS policy ton use a preventive approach to reduce lifestyle diseases, it is clear that diseases such as Cancer, hypertension and lung diseases are on the rise. This essay seeks to critically appraise the evaluation of the NHS policy to identify various weaknesses and the strengths of this policy. In the recent past, there has been a great rise in lifestyle related diseases such as cancer, high blood pressure, diabetes, gout and heart diseases (Shepard, 2010: Chock lingam and Beleaguer, 1999). These diseases have become major killers in the world and are very expensive to treat. The government ever increasing budget allocation in health has not made any progress in reducing the health problems in most countries. In the United Kingdom there exists free medical care for its citizens as one way of showing its community towards creation of zero-disease environment (Kumar & Kumar, 2003). The NHS Despite use of many resources used for treatment of patients, it is clear that the health demands are increasing each day as the population grows and there is little chance for the establishment of a healthy society. Statistics show that the government and public spending is expected to spend more on diseases such as cancer and heart diseases in the near future. This has raised question am ong many scholars who feel that the government should find an alternative strategy towards creation of a health environment. The NHS policy has paid a lot of attention to lifestyle diseases in the past ten years. The NHS policy seeks to the reduce lifestyle diseases by engaging a preventive approach that seeks to intervene on this

Organizational Behavior, Integrative Paper Essay

Organizational Behavior, Integrative Paper - Essay Example ions, interpersonal conflict management strategies, how groups become teams, leadership different from management, and types of organizational structures. Strategic decisions differ form operational decisions in that strategic decisions deal with long term issues, while operational decisions cover the immediate or short term. Some examples of strategic decisions are decisions to purchase new equipment to implement upgrades, profitability decisions, capital investment decisions, and decisions on how to improve the market share of an enterprise. The executive management team of a company is responsible for the strategic decisions of a company. A few years ago I encountered at my job the difficulties associated with strategic and operational decisions. The crew of employees I was working with made a request for new equipment to be used immediately in the company. The use of the $30,000 machinery would reduce the completion time of the project by 50%. The overall project cost was going to be lower due to the labor savings. The team was very frustrated when the petition was denied. The justification for denying the request was that money w as being reserve to purchase new equipment in the summer of 2013. Our team was not able to produce like they could because the company preferred to save money for the long term strategic decisions than to invest money to improve the current operations of the firm. Strategic decisions are also important. For instance companies such as Microsoft when they release a new product they already have a plan ready on how to substitute the product once it reaches the declining stage of its product life cycle. Conflict in the workplace is an undesirable outcome that occurs due to the inevitable differences among human beings. Conflict occurs when two or more parties disagree over a substantial issue. One of the causes of conflict is people not being able to control their emotions. The four stages of conflict are antecedent conditions, felt

Healthcare Policy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Healthcare Policy - Assignment Example A recent evaluation of the UK healthcare policy shows that while policies have contributed to a positive change in society development, there is still need to improve these policies. An area of keen interest is the increase in lifestyle diseases within the country, which has now raised an alarm within the public. Despite the efforts of the NHS policy ton use a preventive approach to reduce lifestyle diseases, it is clear that diseases such as Cancer, hypertension and lung diseases are on the rise. This essay seeks to critically appraise the evaluation of the NHS policy to identify various weaknesses and the strengths of this policy. In the recent past, there has been a great rise in lifestyle related diseases such as cancer, high blood pressure, diabetes, gout and heart diseases (Shepard, 2010: Chock lingam and Beleaguer, 1999). These diseases have become major killers in the world and are very expensive to treat. The government ever increasing budget allocation in health has not made any progress in reducing the health problems in most countries. In the United Kingdom there exists free medical care for its citizens as one way of showing its community towards creation of zero-disease environment (Kumar & Kumar, 2003). The NHS Despite use of many resources used for treatment of patients, it is clear that the health demands are increasing each day as the population grows and there is little chance for the establishment of a healthy society. Statistics show that the government and public spending is expected to spend more on diseases such as cancer and heart diseases in the near future. This has raised question am ong many scholars who feel that the government should find an alternative strategy towards creation of a health environment. The NHS policy has paid a lot of attention to lifestyle diseases in the past ten years. The NHS policy seeks to the reduce lifestyle diseases by engaging a preventive approach that seeks to intervene on this

HSA 530 wk 7 assignment 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HSA 530 wk 7 assignment 2 - Coursework Example In addition, Human Resource Management can be seen as process of bringing people and their organization together as a way of accomplishing their goals. In the health sector, the HRM plays various roles such as; legal and ethical matters of treatment, deals with the health and safety of all employees and patients, deals with labor unions in the health sector, job analysis and design of all employees, selection and recruitment of employees, deals with employee benefits, training and motivation and lastly is also concerned with the termination of employees. All these are the activities required to be accomplished by any HRM in any given hospital. However, the HRM has to follow some rules and regulations from the Joint Commission while in the line of duty. According to the law, any HRM in any health service must be accredited by the Joint Commission. This is in order to prove that they are capable of providing the highest level of performance in their line of duty. In addition, the HRM has to adhere to all standards of the Joint Commission and especially when hiring new members of staff. Similarly, he or she has to ensure that the organizations objectives are all met (Anand & BÃ ¤rnighausen, 2004). This is seen as to undermine the duties of the HRM since they do know all their responsibilities and the procedures they should follow. Notably, the HR is forced to follow the policies and procedure of the Joint Commission rather those that are provided by the hospital itself. Resultantly, the HRM is compelled to follow the job description outlined by the Joint Commission thereby foregoing those set by the hospital. Due to these c olliding obligations, the HRM has no choice but to follow the commission. Collaboration is manifested when employees work together towards achieving a given target. Therefore, collaboration is an essential aspect of growth in any organization and especially in the health sector (Boddy,

Hypothesis Testing Paper Essay Example for Free

Hypothesis Testing Paper Essay We are seeing the influence of psychosocial stress on the course of bipolar disorder being increasingly recognized. Child adversity is not just a topic that is discussed, but is a topic that is real in the society in which we live. Child adversity can hit close to home. A child experiences this by being in a state or instance of serious or continued difficulty (Merriam-Webster, 2014). Situations of these types are terrible to see and can affect the child, but just not as children. These types of situations could include: verbal, physical, or sexual abuse, neglect, parental death, bullying, or even poverty. The effects of these types of situations can carry on into an individuals adulthood as well as concerning his/her physical and mental well-being. See what we are looking into is not just child adversity, but another topic as well. The question being asked is, Does early child adversity make bipolar disorder more likely? Individuals have their own views and opinions on this topic and question. In this hypothesis testing, a description of the research issue and a hypothesis statement, regarding the research hypothesis and the null hypothesis will be addressed. For the accuracy of the research issue, the population will have to be determined and the sampling method to help in generating the sample. The data will be described as to how it was collected, the level of  measurement, and the statistical technique used in helping of the task of analyzing the data. All these steps will help in the explanation of the findings. EARLY CHILD ADVERSITY AND THE BIPOLAR DISORDER In understanding the meaning of child adversity, we want to look at the meaning of the term, bipolar disorder. Here we arent just focusing on child adversity; we are focusing on both to see if the child adversity emphasizes bipolar disorder more likely. According to U.S. National Library of Medicine (2014), Bipolar disorder is a condition in which a person has periods of depression and periods of being extremely happy or being cross or irritable In addition to these mood swings, the person has extreme changes in activity and energy (Bipolar Disorder). Symptoms of bipolar disorder can be severe and can result in damaged relationships, poor job or school performance, and even suicide (National Institute of Mental Health, 2012). Bipolar disorder affects both men and women, usually occurring between the ages of 15-25. The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown. However, there are factors involved that cause or trigger the occurrences. As we are researching, we are finding environment plays a role. According to Mayo Clinic (2014), An individuals stress, abuse, significant loss, or other traumatic experiences can contribute to this disorder (Causes). All these factors and experiences listed can take place in a childs life, whether we want to admit it or not. Most of the time, more often than we would care to talk about. This connection gives us a starting point in developing our hypothesis. With a research issue, it is essential a hypothesis be formulated. Hypothesis is a prediction often based on informal observation, previous research, or theory that is testing in a research study (Aron, Aron, Coups, 2013, p. 108). In a research study, the testing is referred to as a hypothesis procedure. We must first state a research hypothesis and a null hypothesis. Research hypothesis is a statement in a hypothesis testing procedure about the predicted relation between populations. Null hypothesis is a statement about a relation between populations that is the opposite of the research hypothesis (Aron, Aron, Coups, 2013, p. 108). The null  hypothesis is often said to be the opposite of what is being predicted. For this study, the research hypothesis is, Early child adversity makes bipolar disorder more likely. The null hypothesis is, Early child adversity does not make bipolar disorder more likely. In any hypothesis testing procedure, there is great emphasis in determining the population and the sampling method the researcher is using to generate the sample, The population is the entire group of people to which the researcher intends the results of a study to apply. The sample is the scores of a particular group of people studied (Aron, Aron, Coups, 2013, p. 84). For this research issue, the population would include participants consisting of 58 adults, including 29 males and 29 females. These individuals have a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder. According to National Institute of Mental Health (2012), Bipolar I disorder is defined by manic and mixed episodes that last at least seven days. Usually depressive episodes occur as well, lasting at least two weeks (How is Bipolar Diagnosed?). The sampling method used to generate the sample would be classified as nonrandom samples. With this sample method, the probability selection cannot be accurately determined. In using the nonrandom sampling method, we are focusing on the type judgmental/purposive sampling. These individuals of 58 are being chosen with a specific purpose in mind. These individuals are fit for the research compared to other individuals (Concepts and Definitions, n.d.). This sampling method makes perfect since we are attempting to research if child adversity is a contributing factor to bipolar disorder. THE DATA Regarding the 58 adults of men and women, the data would be collected and evaluated every three months, all the way up to a year. This information would be collected by structured interviews discussing stressful life events pertaining to and dealing with early child adversity. In analyzing the data, the best statistical technique to use would be the t test for independent means. T test for independent means is a hypothesis testing procedure in which there are two separate groups of people tested (Aron, Aron, Coups,  2013, p. 84). Involved in this research issue is two separate groups of people with 29 male participants and 29 female participants. We are testing both of the same number, because we want to find out the conclusion as a whole about the people. Also, we tested equal amounts of both men and women, because they both are equally likely to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder (WebMD, 2014). The data would be analyzed using the five steps of the t test for independent means. Step one consists of stating the research hypothesis and the null hypothesis. Step two consists of determining the characteristics of the comparison distribution. Step three is determining the cutoff sample score on the comparison distribution at which the null hypothesis should be rejected. Step four is determining the samples score on the comparison distribution. And last, step five is deciding to reject the null hypothesis by comparing steps three and four (Aron, Aron, Coups, 2013, p. 84). In following these steps to analyze the data, we can account for to either accept or reject the null hypothesis on early child adversity not making bipolar disorder more likely. CONCLUSION After going into detail of the research issue, formulating the hypothesis statement, determining the population, deciding and describing the sampling method, the task of collecting the data, the level of measurement, and the statistical technique for analyzing the data, now is the big intense moment. The results exhibited that the interaction of early child adversity severity and those stressful life events involved predicted an occurrence in a manner consistent with the research hypothesis for both the men and the women. Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis. There were some limitations to this research issue and the hypothesis testing procedure. The sample size and the number of past episodes were determined retrospectively, mainly through self-report. But, another thought to keep in mind is the individuals who experienced early child adversity had a significantly younger age of bipolar onset. Concerning this conclusion, it would be of great importance for the suggestion for further studies of stress mechanisms in bipolar disorder and of treatments designed to intervene early among those at risk. I would propose when and if the conditions of bipolar disorder are  identified, an effective treatment plan needs to be implemented. This approach would be of great benefit for the patients health, wellbeing, and longevity. Studies speak for themselves regarding childhood adversity being prevalent and having pervasive and long term impacts on mental and physical health. References Aron, A., Aron, E., Coups, E. (2013). Statistics for Psychology (6th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Concepts and Definitions. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ubos.org/Compendium2012/NonRandomSamplingDesign.html Mayo Clinic. (2014). _Bipolar Disorder Causes_. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/basics/causes/con-20027544 Merriam-Webster. (2014). _Adversity_. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/adversity National Institute of Mental Health. (2012). _Bipolar Disorder in Adults_. Retrieved from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder-in-adults/index.shtml U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2014). _Bipolar Disorder_. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001924/

Identification Of Poisonous And Non Poisonous Snake

Identification Of Poisonous And Non Poisonous Snake INTRODUCTION Snakes are one of the most interesting reptilian creatures of earth. They are interesting as for the purpose of study as well as research and that is so because of the one character they possess in them and that is there Poison which is called by the name of Venom. Unlike all reptile snakes are poisonous but not all of them. A few species among them failed to obtain that character. This venom act as both useful weapon as well as defense shield against its pray and enemy. The snake venom is a hazardous protein and characterized by very complex compositions. It is slimy egg-like viscous liquid having slightly fishy smell. It is the complex set of harmful toxicants as well as proteins. Other than toxicants and proteins the snake venom contains several peptides, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleosides, biological amines and metal ions, which make it even more complex than other normal proteins. Venom contains more than 20 kinds of enzymes and toxins, but the main ingredients of the venom are toxic proteins. The toxic component present in snake venom varies according to the snake species or even the venom secreted by the same snake in different season may also vary. This changes the characteristic of different snake venom and decides its role in pharmacological, toxicological and medical field. Snake venom mainly consists of neurotoxins, cardiotoxins, toxins that cause blood clotting, bleeding toxins (that stops the blood clotting and blood remains to flow continuously even after injury), harmful enzymes and other major components. The cytotoxic venom is more effective than the neurotoxic type venom, and it will work almost immediately to the prey such as the mouse and frogs. Although the snakes are very calm and hideous animals (except a few ones) yet mortality rate associated with the snakebites is a serious public health problem in almost all the region of the world, especially in rural areas where medical facilities are low or absent. In India, majority of bites and mortality are due to King cobra, Naja naja, Daboia Russelli Russells viper, Bangarus caeruleus (common krait) and Echis carinatus (saw-scaled viper). [1.1] Frequency of snake bite About 35,000 to 50,000 people reportedly die of snake bite in India every year; however, the unreported cases may be more in rural India. Estimated snake bites and (death) cases were reported as 25,000(30) in Europe; 6 20,000(100) in Middle East; 45,000(15) in USA and Canada; 3,00,000( 5,000) in Central and South America; 10,00,000(20,000) in Africa; 40,00,000 (1,00,000) in Asia; 10,000 (200) in Oceania all total worldwide 5 million ( 1,25,000). Death incidence due to snake bite is rather rare in Australia, Europe and North America but frequent in South Asia, South-East Asia and Sub-Sahar an Africa. In Zimbabwe on 274 cases studied, 4 out of 5 3, 6, 7 children died who are under 8 years old. [1.2] Identification of poisonous and non-poisonous snake (source:www.buzzle.com//venomous-snake-identification-identifying-poisonous-snakes.html) Poisonous snakes generally possess the characters like Vertically elliptical shaped cat like pupil. A small depression (termed pit) between the eyes and nostrils. Triangle shaped head e.g. Copperheads and rattle snakes, exception- Elapids. Underside scales of tail go completely all the way across in a single row from the anal plate; the very tip of the tail may possess two scale rows. Head and body both are seen during swimming time. Generally of multiple colors. In contrast, non-poisonous snakes generally possess the characters like: Round pupil in the center of eye. U shaped head. Two rows of scales from the vent to the tail end. Only head is seen during swimming time. Generally of one color. Mostly stripes are from head to tail. [1.3] Utility of Snake Venom Snake venoms are used to control heart diseases, high blood pressure, cancer (contortrostain produced by Agkistrodon contortrix- is cytostatic in nature and found to lower the growth rate of breast cancer in mice), tumor, polio, neurological disorders (enzymes from cobra venom were found to cure Parkinson s and Alzheimers diseases), excessive bleeding (a blood clotting protein in Taipan venom stop bleeding during surgery or after major trauma), blood clotting (ancrod obtained from Malyan pit viper, used to develop angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors to treat stroke victims), severe allergies amongst others. Other interesting areas of snake venom include the treatment of viruses (as venom contain phospholipidases which break down cell membrane), aging and some are even used in commercial wrinkle cream! [1.4] Phospholipase-A2 Phospholipase A2 is one of the most intensively studied membrane proteins which hydrolyze phospholipids at the sn-2 position to form fatty acid and lysophospholipid products. These are small proteins and the 3-D structures are known to high resolution for several species. Phospholipase A2 proteins are of high pharmaceutical concern since they are responsible for the release of arachidonic acid from membranes, and since the subsequent conversion of this fatty acid to leukotrienes and prostaglandins is part of the inflammatory response. The enzyme also shows very interesting interactions with the membrane on which it binds. It is activated in some way when it interacts with aggregated forms of the substrate, such as in micelles or in bilayers. Electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions are suspected to be involved in the binding of the enzyme to the membrane. Very little is known of the enzyme-membrane complex structure and why the enzyme reacts much more efficiently once it binds its substrates in an aggregated form. The phospholipid molecule consists of a glycerol-3-phosphate (blue colour) esterified at its sn-1 and sn-2 positions to non-polar fatty acids (R1 and R2, respectively) and at its phosphoryl group to a polar head group, X. Phospholipase A1 and phospholipase A2 cleave the acyl ester bonds at sn-1 and sn-2, respectively. Phospholipase C cleaves the glycerophosphate bond whereas phospholipase D removes the head group, X. PLA, phospholipase A; PLC, phospholipase C; PLD, phospholipase D. Phospholipases2.png Fig-1.1: Phospholipase A2 Structure [1.5] Phospholipase-A2 (PLA2) Activity After entering inside the body of human being venom containing PLA2 enzyme start affecting the cell membranes of almost all the cell organelles. Since cell organelles containing cell membrane are made up of phospholipids, hence this this phospholipids act as a reactant for phospholipase a2 and start reacting with it. This phospholipase a2 tends to form arachidonic acid which has an inflammatory sensation and this arachidonic acid further converted into PGG2 by using cyclooxygenases. This PGG2 further transcribed into PGH2 which forms 3 basic compounds PGD2, PGF2, and PGE2. On the basis of the ester bond that is cleaved within a phospholipid molecule, phospholipases are grouped into four families, namely A, B, C and D. Phospholipase A enzymes cleave the acyl ester bond at either the sn-1 (phospholipase A1) or sn-2 (phospholipase A2) position (Figure 1). The Whoterm phospholipase B is given to phospholipases that hydrolyze acyl ester bonds at both sn-1 and sn-2 positions. Enzymes grouped under phospholipase C cleave the glycerophosphate bond, while phospholipase D enzymes remove the polar head group. C:UsersAMITDesktopFINAL PROJECTicb200456f1.gif Fig-1.2:Activity Chain of Phospholipase A2 inside Cell Membrane Phospholipase A2 is being suppressed by Lipocortins which is also known as Annexin. In human Annexin the common cellular protein is found inside the cell. However outside the cell the annexin is also found inside the blood because they are transported out of the cell into the blood. This is because of the lack of a signal peptide necessary for protein to be transported out of the cell. Since there are different dataset had been already prepared but could not found the IC50 value, due to which the working on this dataset could not be carried out further. [1.6] Quantitative Structure Analysis Relationship (QSAR) QSAR plays an important role in lead structure optimization and it can be predicted that QSAR method will become essential for handling the huge amount of data associated with combinatorial chemistry. 3D-QSAR has already been successfully applied to many data sets of enzyme and receptor ligands. The biological activity of molecules is usually measured in assays to establish the level of inhibition of particular signal transduction or metabolic pathways. Chemicals can also be biologically active by being toxic. Drug discovery often involves the use of QSAR to identify chemical structures that could have good inhibitory effects on specific targets and have low toxicity (non-specific activity). Of special interest is the prediction of Log P, which is an important measure used in identifying drug-likeness according to Lipinskis Rule of Five. While many Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship analyses [9] involve the interactions of a family of molecules with an enzyme or receptor bi nding site, QSAR can also be used to study the interactions between the structural domains of proteins. As in the article Structural modeling extends QSAR analysis of antibody-lysozyme interactions to 3D-QSAR, protein-protein interactions can be quantitatively analyzed for structural variations resulted from site-directed mutagenesis. In this study, a wild-type antibody specific for lysozyme and 17 single and double mutants of the antibody were investigated. Quantitative models for the affinity of the antibody-antigen interaction were developed. [1.6.1] 3D-QSAR The 3D-QSAR methods have been developed to improve the prediction accuracies of 2D methods. 3D methods are computationally more complex and demanding than 2D approaches. In general, there are two families of 3D-QSAR methods: alignment-dependent methods and alignment-independent methods. Both families need experimentally or computationally derived bioactive conformations of ligands as templates for studies. QSAR study revealed that alignment- independent descriptor and distance- based topology index are the most important descriptor in predicting apoptosis- inducing activity. 3D-QSAR study was performed using k-nearest neighbor molecular field analysis (kNN-MFA) approach for both electrostatic and steric fields. Three different kNN-MFA 3D- QSAR methods (SW-FB, SA, and GA) were used for the development of models and tested successfully for internal (q2>0.62) and external (predictive r2> 0.52) validation criteria. Thus, 3D- [1.7] Objectives To retrieve the three- dimensional coordinates of protein and known active molecules against phospholipase-A2. To generate significant three-dimensional Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship model from active molecules. To analyze protein-ligand interaction of known actives against phospholipase-A2 molecular docking studies. To identify important scaffold of compound and their structural modification with helps in designing new molecules with improve activities.

Hamlet, why did he delay Essay -- essays research papers fc

William Shakespeare, perhaps the greatest playwright of all time, authored a number of works consisting of sonnets, comedies, and tragedies. In his brilliant career, Shakespeare created literary works of art. What makes Shakespeare unlike any other writer of his time, is his ability to organize a realistic plot, manage themes, and develop characters within his works (Nordling). As well, Shakespeare's ability to provoke feeling and reaction to his writing is also what sets him apart from other common writers. Of his works, Hamlet is perhaps the most studied and most interesting of the collected tragedies. In this play, many question the actions of the characters and particularly the actions of Hamlet. The answer to: 'Why does Hamlet delay in avenging the death of his father?' is one that is not easy to identify. Possible conclusions include the role of others in Hamlet, Hamlet's religious nature, or even Hamlet's tragic flaw as a hero in Hamlet. It is often argued that Hamlet was written as a tragedy of the human spirit (Nighan). Others argue that it is a tragedy of destiny, or the hero. In every hero's quest for the truth, none is more apparent than that of Hamlet. This search for truth is born of the passing of young Hamlet's father. It is at the critical moment of revelation by the Ghost of Hamlet that young Hamlet is destined for revenge. Although the concept of revenge may be considered an evil justice, it is evident that the importance lay within the context of carrying out the fate. The question arises of 'Why did Hamlet not take revenge sooner upon Claudius?' The how and when of this vengeance becomes critical in the development of Hamlet the character. To fully comprehend the true essence of Hamlet as a son, a discoverer, and a destroyer, one must analyze each individual characteristic as revealed by Shakespeare (Nordling). It was not enough that Shakespeare just wrote the play, he also emphasized the character's thoughts and emotions through the soliloquies. In fact, the whole idea of drama is to feel, to an extent, what the character feels. However, in Hamlet, the use of the soliloquy offers the audience a gateway into the minds of the characters, and in this case it provides various reasons why Hamlet delays in exacting revenge. The depth of thought possessed by characters is easily measured by how effortlessly a reader can relate to what is b... ... three parts coward--I do not know Why yet I live to say, "this thing's to do", / Sith I have cause, and will, and strength, and means, / To do't...." (Shakespeare 41-46) Rational thought and compassion are what make Hamlet a hero. Unfortunately, thought and inability to act on impulse, are the factors in creating the tragedy in Hamlet. In today's society and its values, Hamlet continues to be a contribution to ideals of value and morality. This story of a man and his downfalls should be considered an asset to the better of society, and a lesson learned in compassion for other. BIBLIOGRAPHY Burton, Philip. â€Å"The Sole Voice.† "Character Portraits from Shakespeare." The Dial Press, New York. January 6, 2005. < http://www.freehomepages.com/hamlet/other/burton-hamlet.htm> Eliot, T.S., "Hamlet and His Problems", The Athenaeum, No. 4665, London 1919. January 6, 2005 Nighan, Raymond. â€Å"HAMLET AND THE DAEMONS: AN INQUIRY INTO THE NATURE OF THE GHOST AND ITS MISSION.† Shakespeare. January 6, 2005 Nordling, Carl. â€Å"Why does Hamlet tarry?† Shakespeare: Who wrote Hamlet and why? January 6, 2005. Shakespeare, William. â€Å"Hamlet.† Hamlet. January 6, 2005

A fence should not be built on the U.S. – Mexican Border

The U.S. should build a wall between itself and Mexico, topped with razor wire. This is about toughening immigration laws and the strict enforcement of laws already widely discussed.The building is a two thousand-mile-long fence would cost about 680 (m) million dollars, and it would slow border crossings. It is for the idea of candidates running for president to have clear and aggressive plans for dealing with immigration.It also gives the idea of doing something that might actually work to stop illegal aliens from flooding into the United States is actually drawing great interest. It won't go away. Illegal immigration is not just impacting the Border States. Illegal aliens are showing up everywhere. Constitutionally it is a Federal responsibility to protect the 50 states from invasion and as a practical matter it is impacting all of us.Background:â€Å"For those people who do not live in the U.S. of America or have not heard about it, U.S.A. government has decided to construct a wa ll along the border of Mexico to attempt to keep out illegal and MS13 clan members. The MS13 is a dangerous clan that specializes in smuggling drugs and people across borders and has made their way from Columbia to Northern Mexico and intend to get into The U.S. of America.Also, there have been reports of the AL Qaida attempting to get the MS13 to smuggle THEMSELVES into the U.S. of A. so they can continue their reign of terror. The Mexican government feels that it is unnecessary that there is building a wall and have started comparing President Bush to Hitler because of the Berlin wall.Personally think that the wall should be built to protect American from the MS13 and to control the amount of illegally migrating to the U.S. of America (â€Å"All to Protect the Innocent†.Tue January 24 2006 20:02. http://forums.ubi.com)†.Immigrant or a refugee rights groups across the country are now moving in the direction of putting immigration in the context of a global economy, glo balization, and people on the move escaping poverty, hunger, civil war, and persecution. NAFTA (the North American Free Trade Agreement) kicked off that trend.When it was testified at the NAFTA hearings that Mexican and Aliens complained of why they weren’t including immigration in the context of a financial free trade agreement. Why were they focusing on the free movement of merchandise but not on the free movement of people? Basically it's a labor issue.California has always been impacted tremendously by immigration, not just by people from Mexico. It’s now estimated even by the INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) that there are at least five million immigrants in the U.S. who are undocumented. California usually comes in with at least half of those immigrants, not only because of its juxtaposition to Baja California, but also it's a place where people can blend into cities like L.A. and San Francisco. There's about nine million in these cities and about a t hird are immigrants and refugees.It is important that it begins addressing immigration within the context of a global economy. Globalization affects the United States because investments in other countries have impacts such as people leaving that country, the displacement of jobs, jobs moving in and out of a country.Primarily focuses on human rights and nowhere is human rights more impacted than on the U.S.-Mexico border. These have really been a hateful time for Americans especially with the shooting incident by the military.Right after that, other military operations were exposed, including here inCalifornia where National Guard troops have been out in camouflage, hiding in the brush on the pretext of looking for drugs and immigrants. In addition, there has been introduced legislation in the House to send 10,000 military troops in to California.This is in addition to 5,000 Border Patrol agents approved by Congress. That's going to interrupt a lot of movement. It could eventually i nterfere with free trade because how long will Mexico put up with this confrontation by the military on the border.Going back to history, the U.S. contracted with Mexicans to come to work here in the '30s and '40s and '50s. Then the xenophobia started, the scapegoat, and you had massive raids and deportations of hundreds of thousands of Mexicans. U.S. citizens and legal residents as well as undocumented were all sent to Mexico in the '30s and '40s and '50s.During '50s, operation wetback, and even though I'm a fifth generation U.S. citizen, right on these streets around here I used to be stopped on the way home from school, or visiting my girlfriend, or going downtown. The police used to smack me up against the wall and call the Border Patrol. They get used to do in at least every other week. They used to take out of jobs, after school jobs, in restaurants, hotels by among Mexicans

Personal Learning Managemet Essay

Abstract Kindler, E.; Krivy, I. (2011). Object-Oriented Simulation of systems with sophisticated control. International Journal of General Systems. pp. 313–343 Haas, J. (n.d.). Modular programming. Retrieved from http://www.about.com Personal Learning Management As course assignments, assigned reading, assigned and interest-based research, and other learning activities are completed, the learner may recognize the economic value of what has been learned. Knowledge gained through learning can be forgotten if concepts are not reviewed on a regular basis. It is possible to design an application to record high economic value learning tasks and insights that will allow for periodic review. This application will help solve the issue of knowledge being forgotten by allowing the information and concepts to be kept in front of the individual for regular review. The application that must be programmed will be a simple user friendly app that will allow the user to see and record progress over a given class which will give the user the ability to not only see what has been done but to have it brought back to the forefront of what they already went over in course assignments, reading and researches for a particular class. So in essence the program will help each student record each task and can, ever so many days allow the student to review what they covered and done to keep the information fresh. The information that we will be recording is assignments for the course, any assigned reading for the course, research both assigned and interest-based, and other learning activities. By getting this information from the user the program will store this information and recall it to the user on a time and scheduled output as well as show what still needs to be done in the course. The first step in creating such a program is that we need to identify the desired results we are looking for in this program which is to help the user retain course information by helping them review the material often. Next we will design the program and this will start by having the program gather the information required from the user and how often the user wants this information brought back up either every week or every 3 days. This step will be more complex as the developing of the application continues. Once we have step-by-step for designing the program to solve the problem stated in the beginning we will began to code the program. This is when we decide which programming language we will use such as C#, C ++ and more to deliver the best solution. After we program the application we will test the program to ensure that it is free of errors and that it does indeed solve the given problem. This is known as the programming development cycle which means at any given point in this cycle we may have revisit a particular step to ensure that we get the results that we need. This program will be developed as an object-oriented approach which is according to Kindler, E.; Krivy, I. (2011) â€Å"a programming paradigm that represents concepts as â€Å"objects† that have data fields (attributes that describe the object) and associated procedures known as methods. Objects, which are usually instances of classes, are used to interact with one another to design applications and computer programs.† We are taking this approach with a modular approach due to the complexity of the program and want to make many objects that will have methods and classes with in the object. We fill this is the best way to approach the problem with various strings and arrays so that our coding will not be confusing and easy to troubleshoot should we run into any issues. Modular programming emphasizes separating the functionality of a program into independent, interchangeable modules, such that each contains everything necessary to execute only one aspect of the desired functionality. (Haas, n.d.) This will improve maintainability by enforcing logical boundaries between components. The modular design will allow us to build into one executable file per module which also allows us to reduce the size of future patches for only the module that needs it. In conclusion we have discussed the problem of users forgetting knowledge gained through learning and will be creating a program that will keep the information fresh and allow periodic review of course assignments, assigned reading, assigned and interest-based research, and other learning activities. Our approach and the necessary steps outlined until the final test has been done and the application is functional.

Lyric

Originally a lyric signified a song sung to the accompaniment of a lyre. Thus lyric still carries the sense of a poem written to be set to music. A lyric Is a common short poem uttered by a single speaker who is expressing his state of mind very often in solitude. In dramatic lyric the speaker is represented as addressing another person in a specific situation like the poem Connotation by John Done. The genre comprehends a great variety of utterances from say the Dramatic Monologues of Browning complex evolution of feeling in the long elegy and the meditative ode.The recess of observation, thought, memory and feelings may be organized in a variety of ways in deferent lyrical expressions. Lyric is a poem in which the poet writes about his thoughts and feelings. The basic type Is the song, but we use the term to cover all poems that present the poet's Immediate response to life, Including sonnets odes and elegies. Lyric poem deals with a range of experiences such as love, death, nature or religion or some domestic, social or political issue *Abstract Poem: It is a term used by Dame Edith Stilwell for verse that depends chiefly upon its auditory values for Its meaning.Such poetry Is analogous to abstract painting In which the arrangement of colors and shapes is significant though no physical objects are represented. Words are employed with little regard for their usual connotations, but rather for their aural effectiveness in a pattern of full and approximate rhymes and in the manipulation of rhythm. Stillwell own poems In the collection called Facade exemplify the type: These lines from her â€Å"Hornpipe† where, we hear, the dumb Sky rhinoceros-glum Watched the courses of the breakers' rocking-horses and with Glacis Lady Venus on he settee of the horsehair sea! Ambiguity: In ordinary usage the term ambiguity means a vague or equivocal expression. Since William Meson published his Seven types of Ambiguity (1930) the term has widely been used to refer to a poetic device: the use of a single word or expression to signify two or more distinct references, or to express two or more diverse attitudes or feelings. Multiple meaning and popularization are alternative terms for the use of language. Egg: in the play Antonym and Cleopatra when Shakespeare makes Cleopatra say â€Å"Come thou mortal wretch.. He implies a double edge to the word â€Å"mortal. Here it Implies both that the asp Is â€Å"fatal† or â€Å"death- dealing† and at the same time It Is Itself subject to death. *oddball: The popular ballad also called the folk ballad is the song, transmitted orally which tells a story. Ballads are thus the narrative species of folk songs, which originate and are communicated orally among illiterate or partly literate people. In all probability the original version of a ballad is composed by a single author, but he or she Is unknown; and each singer who learns and repeats an oral ballad is apt to introduce changes in OTOH the t ext and the tune, it exists in many variant forms.Typically the popular ballad is dramatic, condensed and impersonal: the narrator begins with the climax and tells the story tersely by means of action and dialogues, sometimes by means of dialogue alone and tells It without self-reference or the expression of personal attitudes or feelings. The most common stanza form called the ballad stanza- is a 1 OFF lines rhyme. Egg: this ballad from â€Å"Sir Patrick Spend† The King sits in Dumpling town, Drinking the blued-red wine: â€Å"O what will I get a GUID sailor, To sail this ship of mine? *Fabian verse: Consists of unrushed iambic (v pentameter (five iambic verse) hence the term â€Å"blank. † Of all the English metrical forms it is closest to the natural rhythms of English speech and at the same time flexible and adaptive to diverse levels of poetic discourse and hence has been more frequently and widely used than any other type of versification. Shakespeare made wide use of the blank verse in his famous soliloquies. *Aegis: It denotes any poem written in elegiac meter (alternating hexameter and pentameter lines).The term was used, however, to refer to the subject matter of change and loss. In the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the elegies were love poems that related to the sense of elegy as lament in that many of them emphasizes mutability and loss. It is in the latter part of the seventeenth century that the term elegy began to be limited to its most common present usage; a formal and sustained lament in verse on the death of a particular person usually ending in consolation. Examples are: W.H Addend's In Memory of W B Yeats', Alfred Lord Tennyson In Memoriam. The dirge is also a versified expression of grief on the occasion of a particular person's death but differs from the elegy in that it is short and is less formal and is meant as a text to be sung. An important variant of the elegy is the pastoral elegy which represents both th e poet and the one he mourns as shepherds. Million's Lucidly is a fine example of pastoral elegy. *Free Verse: It is also called â€Å"open form† or by the French term verse libber.Like traditional verse it is printed in short lines instead of with the continuity of prose. However it differs from regular erase in that its rhythmic pattern is not organized into a regular metrical form?that is into feet, or recurrent units of weak and strong stressed syllables. Most free verse also has irregular line lengths, and either lacks rhyme or else is used only sporadically. The King James translation of the Biblical Psalms and Song of Solomon are examples of free verse.The following section from Longboats Hughes' free verse poem â€Å"Mother to Son† Well, son, I'll tell you: Life for me anti been no crystal stair. It's had tacks in it, And splinters, ND boards torn up, And places with no carpet on the floor? Bare. *Sonnet: Sonnet is a lyric poem of fourteen iambic pentameter lin es linked by an intricate rhyme scheme. The Italian or Patriarchal sonnet falls into two main parts: an octave and a sestets. The octave is of eight lines rhyming baobab, this is followed by a asset a six line stanza rhyming CDC.The octave presents the theme in the first quatrain and develops it in the second. The sestets dwells on it and brings it to a logical conclusion in the final trace. The Patriarchal form was later used for a variety of subjects by English poets like Milton, Wordsmith Christina Rosette and so on. The the English sonnet or the Shakespearean sonnet after its greatest practitioner. This sonnet falls into three quatrains and a concluding couplet with a rhyme scheme ABA CDC beef egg. These sonnets usually deal hopes of love and themes like pangs of separation.One notable variant of this form is the Spenserian sonnet in which Spencer linked each quatrain to the next by a continuing rhyme: ABA Bcc CDC e. The English form often repeats with variation a statement in e ach of the three quatrains, however in either of the case the final couplet usually imposes a final epigrammatic turn to the whole theme. *Epic: It is a long verse narrative on a serious subject, told in a formal and elevated style, and centered on a heroic or quasi- divine figure on whose actions depend the fate of a whole tribe, a nation or as in John Million's Paradise Lost the human race.The epic was ranked by Aristotle as second only to tragedy and by many Renaissance critics as the highest of all genres. Literary epics are highly conventional compositions and usually share the following features. 1 . The hero is a figure of great national or even cosmic importance. In ‘Iliad he is the Greek warrior Achilles, who is the son of the sea nymph Thesis and Virgin's Names is the son of the goddess Aphrodite. 2. The setting of the poem is ample in scale and could be the whole world or even vaster. . The actions involve superhuman deeds in battle, such as Achilles' feats in the T rojan War or the long arduous wanderings of Odysseus on his way back to his homeland. 4. An the great actions Gods and other supernatural beings take an interest and an active part. 5. An epic poem is a ceremonial performance and is narrated in a ceremonial style which is deliberately assistance from the ordinary speech and rendered in a language in keeping with the grandeur of the heroic subject.The epic conventions like beginning with an invocation to the muse to guide the narrator in the great undertaking are also very often observed. The term epic is also applied by extension, to narratives which differ in many aspects from this model but manifest the epic grandeur and spirit in the scale scope and the profound human importance of their subject. Herman Melville Mob Dick, Leo Tolstoy War and Peace both serve as examples of what is called epic ration. *Ode: A long lyric poem that is serious in subject and treatment elevated in style and elaborate in its stanza structure.The protot ype of an ode was established by the Greek poet Poniard whose odes were modeled on the songs by the chorus in Greek drama. The complex stanzas of an ode were patterned in sets of three: moving in dance rhythm to the left is chanted the strophe; moving to the right is chanted the antiheroes then standing still at the centre is the epode. The regular Pandemic ode in English is written in the Pandemic form with the strophe and intentions written in one stanza pattern and all the epode in a different stanza pattern.The Pandemic odes were written in necromantic style; that is they were written to praise and glorify someone. The Pandemic odes were written to celebrate and glorify the victorious athletes in the Olympic Games. The English odes true to its Greek prototype were songs that were written in praise of someone or something. They were written to eulogies something that aroused the poet's sensibility. Keats' Ode on a Grecian Urn is a eulogy to the beauty etched on an Urn that the po et sees.

Organizational Technology Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Ad Agency Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Learning Theory Applications Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Sensor Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sensor - Research Paper Example The feedback system is designed so well that it updates the status of input torque in fraction of a second and as a result exoskeleton keeps working accordingly; and works well with frequent torque changes. A heel pressure sensor is required that produces an electrical signal whenever heel touches the ground or force is sensed on the heels because of its interaction with the ground. Signal from this sensor helps in regulating the sequential movement of the exoskeleton. These force sensors are usually generated by making use of a couple of force sensors but in our design use of a simple piezoelectric or capacitive device works well as a heel sensor and is placed on the heel of the exoskeleton design on the side that is directly in touch with the ground. In order to accurately track the force applied by the user to the legs on the exoskeleton distributed force sensors will be used. These sensors help in measuring distributed forces being applied by the human body over a specified area rather than collective force applied to the entire leg. This approach of distributed force helps to track the applied force at any given point on the leg during the gait to check for proper rehabilitation of the leg. Sensors placed under each heel will sense whether the foot is in contact with the ground, signaling to the leg that the motion should come back to a standing phase. Myographic Sensors Electro-Myographic sensors are used to directly measure the electrical activity of human muscles. In case of exoskeleton, myographic sensors can be placed on the belly of muscle. In this case, electrical activity of human muscles is directly translated to force that is being exerted by the leg onto the exoskeleton, by measuring the amplitude of the force. There is a limitation in using EMG technique in the design of lower limb exoskeleton. If EMG is incorporated in the design of exoskeleton then wearing this device would not remain convenient for the patients as electro-myographic sensors need direct interface to the skin. This can be avoided by making use of acoustic myographic techniques. In short these sensors are used to keep record of the current muscular activity of the lower limb and helps in detecting whether or not the lower limb is capable of recovering to its original state. Other than that these sensors can also be incorporated to replace strain gauges that are being used in our design to measure the force being applied by the leg on the exoskeleton. This can be done by simply applying acoustic sensors between the knee and ankle of the human leg and the resulting signals can be transformed into energy magnitude. From this force being exerted on the lower limb can be determined easily. Acoustic sensors are not able to provide direct signal to the control system as the signal is too low when observed in terms of voltage. Therefore, we need pre-processing circuitry to reduce hardware induced noise as well as improve signal quality. BU-7135 is an acceleromete r based acoustic myographic sensor. It is covered with a silicon case and accelerometer is placed within this cover. It is then protected by a layer of PCB and air chamber is also provided before having contact either the skin through silicone membrane. Here is the detailed diagram showing the internal structure of the device. The AMG sensor is not used individually within the circuit, rather pre-amplification circuit is provided along the sensor to get better signal. Here is the design of

Marketing Ethics and Regulations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Euthanasia Persuasive Speech Essay Example for Free

Euthanasia Persuasive Speech Essay Imagine a world where anyone, even the curably ill or depressed, is easily assisted in suicide. Where someone else decides when you’re life is no longer worth living. Where it is a societal expectation to die rather than receive long-term care. Ladies and Gentlemen, this is the world that awaits us if we legalise euthanasia. Euthanasia, or assisted suicide, is defined as the practice or act of ending the life of a terminally ill person, usually by lethal injection. Though there is no exact specification for what ‘terminally ill’ may pertain to. Who would this definition extend to and who would be eligible to be euthanized? Some laws state that â€Å"terminally ill† means that death will occur in a relatively short time. Others are specifically stating within six months or less. Though this definition is futile, as medical experts state it is virtually impossible to predict the life expectancy of each specific patient. As this has been realised, numerous euthanasia activists have increasingly replaced references to ‘terminal illness’ to phrases such as ‘hopelessly ill’, ‘desperately ill’, ‘incurably ill’. In Thomas E. Joiner’s journal Suicide and Life- Threatening behaviour, an article described the guidelines for assisted suicide to be for those with a hopeless condition. The definition of ‘hopeless condition’ included terminal illness, severe physical or psychological pain, physical or mental debilitation or deterioration, or a quality of life that is no longer acceptable to the individual. In 2009, over 30% of euthanasia cases were carried out without consent in Belgium. Simultaneously, the number of cases had increased dramatically, specifically 40% greater in 2009 than in 2008. Furthermore, in 77. 9% of these cases the patients had been killed without an explicit request, nor a discussion of euthanasia. It seems extremely likely that, in Belgium, physicians are killing patients on their own cognizance with no regard for legal restraints. Is euthanasia truly a ‘voluntary’ practice, as described in the law? Even the enforcement of laws seems ineffective as they have proven to do little to ensure the safety of vulnerable patients. How can we ensure that these results will not be replicated in Australia if we follow in Belgium’s footsteps? Could euthanasia be considered a ‘slippery slope to legalised murder’? When analysing medicines primary taboo, as sworn in the Hippocratic Oath, ‘I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody if they asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect’ it becomes apparent that euthanasia purely contradicts this. Doctor assistance in the death of a patient is antithetical to the moral ethos and the primary goal of medicine. Their role as healer is fundamentally incompatible with euthanasia. Furthermore, euthanasia rejects the dignity and value of human life. The existing quality-of-human-life ethic would be replaced with a utilitarian and nihilistic death culture and a pessimistic view that the answer to life’s most difficult challenges is the intentional ending of human life. Such a radical shift in morality would fire dangerous consequences. Societal pressure and acceptance of this concept would influence the decisions of those who would originally never contemplate such a decision. Vulnerable people- the elderly, the ill, the depressed- would feel pressure- real or imagined- to request an early death through euthanasia. The legalisation of euthanasia would be detrimental to the strife for survival of the ill and depressed, to the vulnerable that health-maintenance organisations wish to exterminate, to the medical profession and to the overall value of human life. By legalising euthanasia we are allowing our world to transform into the unthinkable. When will someone else decide when you’re life is no longer worth living?

How modernity arises through various theories

How modernity arises through various theories Charles Taylor two theories of modernity Modernization is a term that is usually used to distinguish the present from the traditional or earlier aspects. While there are many ways of distinguishing the present from the old, we might wonder how modernity arises. Many scholars have tried to explain how modernity arises through various theories. This paper will focus on Charles Taylor two theories of modernity. Charles Taylor postulated that modernity is not a form of life but a movement from one constellation to another. He appreciated that there are two perspectives from which modernity arises; cultural and acultural. In the cultural model, each human group has its own identity, language, virtues, vices, specific understanding of humanity and social relations. These aspects may undergo transformations with time and this influences the culture of that particular group. At this point, we have to admit that there is a difference before and after transformation, the culture will have changed by the time these transformations are manifested (Charles,). In the acultural model, Charles tries to distinguish the present from the past as a whole. In this case, he does not look at transformation from a single culture perspective but the changes that occur to all cultures within a stipulated period of time. In this model, modernity is conceived by growth of reason for instance growth of scientific consciousness or though differentiating between fact finding and evaluation. In this case, the modernity is accounted for by intellectual and social changes. An example of this was during the ages of reason and enlightenment, industrialization and urbanization. There were imminent transformations in all cultures. While each culture has to go through these transformations, some are forced to undergo these transformations (Charles,). Acultural modernity is such that each culture plays a principle role and is not defined by an end point in understanding these transformations from either a personal or societal perspective. Though this kind of modernity is culture neutral, it affects all cultures either positively or negatively. Sometimes, some culture may suffer from the impact of a transformation in modernity. Transformations usually arise in one culture or civilization and spread to the rest. The culture from which transformation starts is powered by its own positive visions for good. However, some cultures undergo though these transformations easily while others have a hard time. This is characterized by the difference the transformation will serve in that particular culture and not when the idea of the transformation arrived in this culture. Charles appreciated the fact that transformations are facilitated by having certain values and understanding of things. Each culture has different perspectives on different transformations depending on their values and understanding of that transformation. In fact many developments and transformations in the last few centuries were based on culture neutral developments. Acultural theory is dominant over cultural because it shows transition from traditional beliefs to modern way of life. This may be described in scenarios such as those of urbanization and industrialization. Transformation of this type may influence cultures positively or negatively. Those cultures that valued traditional beliefs and have narrow scientific reason have difficulties in appreciating transformation. At this point, we might wonder which theory is good and which is bad. However, there is no good or bad theory as they explain transition to modernity and show how traditional beliefs are lost. Though cultural theory is of the point of view in which we visualize one culture among others, we cannot overemphasize the fact that the first accounts of modernization and development were acultural. As most scholars believe, Charles denotes that cultural theories make value judgements impossible, acultural theories are believed to be materialistic. Despite these negative attitudes towards these theories, Charles emphasizes that they play an important role in the concept of modernization. All in all, we cannot disregard that modernization is as a result of social and intellectual change. Charles notes that after the seventeenth century, there was imminent transformation arising from the western modernity and after these transformations, natural science was valid and the technology that accompanied this had efficacy. These transformations were embraced in some cultures while others were forced to appreciate them. Different cultures have different beliefs and through acultural theory, these civilizations are bound to come together. All civilizations will lose their traditional beliefs even those that resisted the challenge. The road to modernity eventually ends when all civilizations look alike. Different civilizations will understand these transformations differently and have different perspectives on them. There are several levels of understanding transformations; the divine, cosmos and embodied understanding. Charles acknowledges that these different levels of understanding bring about changes in belief and shift in views of the possibilities. In this case, there are people for certain transformations while are others are against. Charles gave the example that people believed there is God but when their views changed, there was conception of atheist. This purely based on ones view and horizon or what they believe in depending on their understanding towards a certain concept. Although acultural theory is dominant over cultural theory of modernity, there are some limitations. This theory does not clearly show the originality of the western modernity and the fact that we tend to underestimate the nature of this transformation. Charles disregards that though modernity started in the west, it is not western specifically but a form of life where all cultures converge. It is unfortunate that some civilizations lose whatever they believe in just to hold on other transformations. This pattern lacks what Charles called rational justification. Acultural theory puts all civilizations in the same package of transformation. Charles Taylor argues that if a civilization fails to note its contrast with other civilizations, it will have a distorted understanding of forthcoming transformations and people in that civilization will have self misunderstanding which can be very costly to the civilization. In this case, the civilizations knowledge and background is suppressed. In other words, this may be termed as a form of colonization. It may seem that this civilization does not know itself and the relation it has to other civilizations. Despite the truths of acultural theory on evolution of modernity, it is worth noting that a change only moves us from constellation to another which throws up its values and traditions to move to the other. This is in support of the cultural theory of modernization. There are varied views on the cultural and acultural theories of modernity. While some support one theory and disregard the other, others have negative and positive attributes of both cultures. However, we have to appreciate that though some of these facts may be true, both theories have played a significant role in explaining modernity. According to Charles, modernity has presented numerous problems in social science. Modernity is combination new practices, way of life and single forms neutral phenomenon. Charles acknowledges that there are multiple modernities which are products of depending on the self understanding and practices of different civilizations. References Charles Taylor. Two theories of modernity.