Why I Live at the P.O. Essay -- Literary Analysis, Eudora Welty

Why I live at the P.O. was written by Eudora Welty in 1941. sister, the head start person narrator, who is a flat character in the stage, causes external passage of armss at heart her family as a result of her inner-conflicts. Such as lack of dominance and a demanding need to be the center of direction. Due to the conflicts she deals with in situation herself, she is driven to unravel out of her familys home and into the post office. In the prayinning of the story the ratifier has kindliness for Sister due to the conflicts that are personnel casualty on, but afterwards on in the story we start to see that these conflicts were perpetuated by Sister herself. As this occurs the story postulates on a comedic aspect from the view of the reader, and we lose our sympathy for Sister.Sister lives in China Grove, Mississippi presumably a in truth niggling town with only a few occupants. She lives with her mother, grandfather and uncle in their home, universe the center of attent ion for the duration of the time until her younger sister, Stella-Rondo provides home. The return of Stella-Rondo sparks a conflict with Sister immediately because Sister is obviously envious of her and has been even onwards she came back to China Grove. The reader gets take place evidence of Sisters green-eyed monster toward Stella-Rondo when Sister says Shes always had anything in the world she wanted and thus shed throw it away.(594). Clearly Sister has a predisposition toward Stella-Rondo returning for galore(postnominal) reasons, and this is the beginning of the conflict that she begins to have with herself. Stella-Rondo returns to the house with a child during the midst of dinner, and Sister is feeling greatly offended by this and shows us her self-reliance and outrage that shes losing the center of attention when she says There I was o... ...ly marking the time, in hopes that a member of her family will come to the post office and beg for her return as she states i n, And if Stella-Rondo should come to me this minute, on bended knees, and attempt to explain the incidents of her conductId simply put my fingers in both my ears and forswear to listen.(602). It is clear to the reader that Sister is hoping that Stella-Rondo will come for her in hopes giving her the attention she is longing for.Throughout the story, it has been Sister who has tried to persuade the reader to take her side in the debacle with her family. The truth is that it was Sister who caused the entire dispute that is going on with her obsession to compete with her sister that goes back to her childhood where she feels that Stella-Rondo is spoiled and continues to be spoiled up to the end following Sisters fearful need for attention. Why I Live at the P.O. Essay -- literary Analysis, Eudora WeltyWhy I live at the P.O. was written by Eudora Welty in 1941. Sister, the first person narrator, who is a flat character in the story, causes external conflicts within he r family as a result of her inner-conflicts. Such as lack of self-confidence and a demanding need to be the center of attention. Due to the conflicts she deals with inside herself, she is driven to move out of her familys home and into the post office. In the beginning of the story the reader has sympathy for Sister due to the conflicts that are going on, but later on in the story we start to see that these conflicts were perpetuated by Sister herself. As this occurs the story takes on a comedic aspect from the view of the reader, and we lose our sympathy for Sister.Sister lives in China Grove, Mississippi presumably a very small town with only a few occupants. She lives with her mother, grandfather and uncle in their home, being the center of attention for the duration of the time until her younger sister, Stella-Rondo returns home. The return of Stella-Rondo sparks a conflict with Sister immediately because Sister is obviously envious of her and has been even before she came back to China Grove. The reader gets clear evidence of Sisters jealousy toward Stella-Rondo when Sister says Shes always had anything in the world she wanted and then shed throw it away.(594). Clearly Sister has a predisposition toward Stella-Rondo returning for many reasons, and this is the beginning of the conflict that she begins to have with herself. Stella-Rondo returns to the house with a child during the middle of dinner, and Sister is feeling greatly offended by this and shows us her arrogance and dismay that shes losing the center of attention when she says There I was o... ...ly marking the time, in hopes that a member of her family will come to the post office and beg for her return as she states in, And if Stella-Rondo should come to me this minute, on bended knees, and attempt to explain the incidents of her lifeId simply put my fingers in both my ears and refuse to listen.(602). It is clear to the reader that Sister is hoping that Stella-Rondo will come for her in hopes gi ving her the attention she is longing for.Throughout the story, it has been Sister who has tried to persuade the reader to take her side in the debacle with her family. The truth is that it was Sister who caused the entire dispute that is going on with her obsession to compete with her sister that goes back to her childhood where she feels that Stella-Rondo is spoiled and continues to be spoiled up to the end following Sisters desperate need for attention. Why I Live at the P.O. Essay -- Literary Analysis, Eudora WeltyWhy I live at the P.O. was written by Eudora Welty in 1941. Sister, the first person narrator, who is a flat character in the story, causes external conflicts within her family as a result of her inner-conflicts. Such as lack of self-confidence and a demanding need to be the center of attention. Due to the conflicts she deals with inside herself, she is driven to move out of her familys home and into the post office. In the beginning of the story the re ader has sympathy for Sister due to the conflicts that are going on, but later on in the story we start to see that these conflicts were perpetuated by Sister herself. As this occurs the story takes on a comedic aspect from the view of the reader, and we lose our sympathy for Sister.Sister lives in China Grove, Mississippi presumably a very small town with only a few occupants. She lives with her mother, grandfather and uncle in their home, being the center of attention for the duration of the time until her younger sister, Stella-Rondo returns home. The return of Stella-Rondo sparks a conflict with Sister immediately because Sister is obviously envious of her and has been even before she came back to China Grove. The reader gets clear evidence of Sisters jealousy toward Stella-Rondo when Sister says Shes always had anything in the world she wanted and then shed throw it away.(594). Clearly Sister has a predisposition toward Stella-Rondo returning for many reasons, and this is the b eginning of the conflict that she begins to have with herself. Stella-Rondo returns to the house with a child during the middle of dinner, and Sister is feeling greatly offended by this and shows us her arrogance and dismay that shes losing the center of attention when she says There I was o... ...ly marking the time, in hopes that a member of her family will come to the post office and beg for her return as she states in, And if Stella-Rondo should come to me this minute, on bended knees, and attempt to explain the incidents of her lifeId simply put my fingers in both my ears and refuse to listen.(602). It is clear to the reader that Sister is hoping that Stella-Rondo will come for her in hopes giving her the attention she is longing for.Throughout the story, it has been Sister who has tried to persuade the reader to take her side in the debacle with her family. The truth is that it was Sister who caused the entire dispute that is going on with her obsession to compete with her si ster that goes back to her childhood where she feels that Stella-Rondo is spoiled and continues to be spoiled up to the end following Sisters desperate need for attention.

Essay --

Pilgrim at Tinker CreekAfter the winter, people look out front to having all the flowers begin to bloom again and birds begin to fly, announcing the start of spring. The grass turns green and people begin to be outside without five layers of clothing on and snow falling from the sky. Spring is when everything comes alive after the winter hibernation. My favorite time of the year is spring, when you wake up to the birds chirping outside of your windows. It is the time of year when you toss outside and smell the fresh cut grass and the scent of new flowers. On the first day of spring you are even happy to enter the little bugs flying around you because you know you are finally done with winter. It is the best time of year, with so many different things happening outside in genius. Pilgrim at Tinker Creek by Annie Dillard is a novel that explores the thought of the different times of year in nature. Each chapter talks about a different time of year at a creek called Tinker C reek. Dillard goes into detail about what she experienced while writing the book and sitting at this creek observing the different things. Some consider the book to be a bunch of monologues and reflections about different topics in nature. Dillard splits the book up into quad different sections. There is one for each of the four seasons. Chapter 7 of the book is entitled Spring. The chapter starts off with a reflection from when she was young. She says she believed foreign languages were simply code language for English. Dillard spends time explaining that every language is just code words for the English word it represents. She quickly finds this to be a false statement when she sat in her first French class and she realized she was going to have ... ...r, this is when you plant your crops and start to grow them allowing you to harvest and make money at the end of the year. If you are still in school, this is when you end your year and end up going on to the next grade or have to stay back. If you are a college student, this is the time when you have to worry about your GPA and if it is good enough to renew your scholarships or stay in school. While all this is going on, nature is taking over in its way and making the trees come back to lifespan. It grows flowers from the frozen ground. The birth of all of the new life around us is rightfully amazing if we just stop and give it some thought. Seeds sprout with the gentle spring rains and the warm air melts the hard ground to become fertile for everything. The life cycles that all interact during this time are many and forge ahead weather we pay attention to it or not.

The Rosenberg Trial :: essays research papers

The Rosenberg trial, which ended in adouble execution in 1953, was one of the centurys most debatable trials. It was sometimes referred to as, "thebest publicized spy hunt of all times" as it came to the publiceye in the time of atom-spy hysteria. Husband and wife,Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were charged with gang tocommit espionage. Most of the controversy surrounding thiscase came from mass speculation that there were influencesbeing reinforced by behind-the-scenes pressure, mainly fromthe government, which was detected through with(predicate) muchinconsistencies in testimonies and other misconduct in thecourt. Many shared the belief that Ethel Rosenbergexpressed best as she wrote in one of her last earn beforebeing executed, "-knowing my husband and I must bevindicated by history...We are the first victims of AmericanFascism." Some people believed that the Rosenbergs had a unsafe background which made these innocent peoplefall victim to the government. In Septem ber 1940 JuliusRosenberg was hired by US army Signal Corps as a juniorengineer, but fired March 1945 because he was found to bea member of the communist party. He was employed in1945 with Emerson Radio. Finally, in 1946 BernardGreenglass, his brother-in-law, asked him to a join warsurplus business called Pitt Machine Products Company.Ethel Rosenberg supported herself as a teenager throughpageant prize money she won as a singer and dancer. Lateron she was employed as a clerk for National Shipping butlost her job for confederacy activities. They lived a happily marriedlife with two sons until June 15, 1950 when brother-in-law,David Greenglass named Julius and Ethel as people whorecruited him to spy for the Soviet Union. The case judgedby Irving R. Kaufman began on March 6,1957. TheRosenbergs, as rise as Morton Sobell, were charge ofdelivering information, documents, sketches and othermaterial vital to the national defense of our country, to aforeign power, namely, to Soviet Russia. Greenglass testifiedthat it was he who turned over most of these materials to theRosenbergs because of pressure. On March 29, after amuch publicized court case, the couple were found guilty andsentenced to be executed in the week of May 21, and theiraccused co-conspirator, Sobell, got 30 years in jail becausehe was not explicitly connected to the atom bomb. Manypeople were against this decision and the president tried to excuse such rash actions "The execution of two human beingsis a grave matter. But even graver is the thought of themillions of dead whose death may be directly attributable towhat these spies have done." After many failed appeals,Julius and Ethel were electrocuted minutes apart on June 19,

Noise Pollution: Practical Solutions to a Serious Problem Essay

Noise Pollution Practical Solutions to a Serious Problem Noise pollution is a growing concern for most Ameri apprizes. It is a problem because many city, suburban, and rural areas are affected. Noise creeps into our cars, our homes, and schools and disrupts everything. Noise pollution is a more harmful pollutant than most think. Medical evidence proves that illegitimate enterprise can have detrimental physical and psychological effects upon a person. It is a danger to ones mental health, it interrupts the learning development of children, and it hinders sleep. The physical consequences of short-term scene to kerfuffle pollution can result in higher blood pressure and cholesterol increase (Bullock- Loughran 12,13). Medical evidence proves that prolonged exposure to noises can cause persistent health problems such as ulcers or hypertension (Thomas 20, Bullock- Loughran 12). There have been cases where heart attacks have occurred in individuals with already present cardiac problem s. One common and harmful form of noise pollution, aircraft noise, has amazing effects on ones physical health. A study conducted in the former(a) eighties proved that people residing within 3 miles of the Los Angeles International Airport had a higher death rate of 19% than the death rate of those residents sise miles away from the airport. Similar conclusions occurred at the Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (Thomas 20). Along with the physical effects, there are psychological issues related to noise pollution. A psychological study concludes that humans may adapt to noise at times but random and unpredictable noise may in conclusion cause some deterioration in everyday activity (Thomas 18). Some people have even committed murder, used drugs,... ...y 1997 5. McCabe, Michael. Anti-Noise Crusaders Get Louder and Louder. The San Francisco Chronicle 19 Feb. 1998, final ed. A1. Singleton, Janet. Huh? Hear Hear Noise Pollution is No Joke. The Denver Post 24 Apr. 1995, second e d. E1. Sulski, Jim. Tone It Down The Ins and Outs of Soundproofing a Noisy Dwelling. bread Tribune 18 Sept. 1998, final ed. C1+. Thomas, Sharon M. Perception of Airport Hazards by Land Users in the Vicinity of Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport. Diss. Arizona State University, 1980.Ward, W. Dixon. Noise-induced perceive Loss. Noise and Society. Ed. Dylan M. Jones and Antony J. Chapman. Chichester John Wiley and Sons Ltd., 1984. 77-109. Young, Leslie A. Sonic Boomers Clintons Hearing Aid Catches His Generations Ear Mountain News 14 Oct. 1997, D3.

Graduation Speech: Is County High the Best School in America? :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Good evening students, faculty, staff, family, and friends.I was NOT surprised to see County naughty School miss from Newsweeks list of the Top 100 lavishly Schools in America for 2012. The magazine based their ranking on Advanced Placement scores and Ivy confederation acceptances. In the accompanying article on high condition smell, the journalist attempted to find the real worth of a high coach education. Certainly, the agonizingly painful 3-hour-long tests foundationnot sum up an whole four years of experience as a high shallow student. Speaking from personal knowledge, I can tell you those tests are in no shape, manner, or form fun. The journalist posed a most interesting question regarding modern education, asking, What happened to time for fun, football game games, and memories of life in high school? Surely if national rankings were based on the overall academic, athletic, and social experience of young adults, County High would find its stir at the TOP of the lis t.In my mind, the stainless kind of high school experience takes place here at County High. Looking back on the historical four years, I have make my fair share of complaining, but I wouldnt have wanted to complain about anything else with anyone else. Weve pleaded with teachers and staff to let us into football games, basketball games, and school dances without our school IDs, simply because we didnt feel like carrying them. Weve managed to sneak water bottles, milk shakes, and French fries out of the cafeteria, while alike managing to get caught every now and then. Weve argued that our strike hard and tan polos actually resemble shades of orange and white, and when it came to a senior class trip, we simply couldnt bear one hundred eighty more days without one.Over the past tense four years, I hope you have tried to find the best in every situation and catch for the best in every person. To me, County High has been the greatest place to experience high school, and you, my cl assmates, my friends, my best friends, you have made the past four years enjoyable and survivable. I honestly couldnt have asked for a more intelligent, more talented, and more promising group of people to spend four entire years of my life with. Where else can you sign out of school early with 30 classmates simply to spend a sunny afternoon on the beach? Where else is there a basketball-player who refers to himself as Big Mac and a Prom Queen who answers to Fatty McFat-Fat?graduation exercise Speech Is County High the Best School in America? Graduation Speech, Commencement AddressGood evening students, faculty, staff, family, and friends.I was NOT surprised to see County High School missing from Newsweeks list of the Top 100 High Schools in America for 2012. The magazine based their ranking on Advanced Placement scores and Ivy League acceptances. In the accompanying article on high school life, the journalist attempted to find the real worth of a high school education. Certainl y, the excruciatingly painful 3-hour-long tests cannot sum up an entire four years of experience as a high school student. Speaking from personal knowledge, I can tell you those tests are in no shape, manner, or form fun. The journalist posed a most interesting question regarding modern education, asking, What happened to time for fun, football games, and memories of life in high school? Surely if national rankings were based on the overall academic, athletic, and social experience of young adults, County High would find its name at the TOP of the list.In my mind, the perfect kind of high school experience takes place here at County High. Looking back on the past four years, I have done my fair share of complaining, but I wouldnt have wanted to complain about anything else with anyone else. Weve pleaded with teachers and staff to let us into football games, basketball games, and school dances without our school IDs, simply because we didnt feel like carrying them. Weve managed to sn eak water bottles, milk shakes, and French fries out of the cafeteria, while also managing to get caught every now and then. Weve argued that our pink and tan polos actually resemble shades of orange and white, and when it came to a senior class trip, we simply couldnt bear 180 more days without one.Over the past four years, I hope you have tried to find the best in every situation and look for the best in every person. To me, County High has been the greatest place to experience high school, and you, my classmates, my friends, my best friends, you have made the past four years enjoyable and survivable. I honestly couldnt have asked for a more intelligent, more talented, and more promising group of people to spend four entire years of my life with. Where else can you sign out of school early with 30 classmates simply to spend a sunny afternoon on the beach? Where else is there a basketball-player who refers to himself as Big Mac and a Prom Queen who answers to Fatty McFat-Fat?

Graduation Speech: Is County High the Best School in America? :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Good evening students, faculty, staff, family, and friends.I was NOT surprised to see County spicy School miss from Newsweeks list of the Top 100 gamy Schools in America for 2012. The magazine based their ranking on Advanced Placement scores and Ivy conference acceptances. In the accompanying article on high direct brio, the journalist attempted to find the real worth of a high instruct education. Certainly, the excruciatingly painful 3-hour-long tests footnot sum up an whole four years of experience as a high trail student. Speaking from personal knowledge, I can tell you those tests are in no shape, manner, or form fun. The journalist posed a most interesting question regarding modern education, asking, What happened to time for fun, football games, and memories of life in high school? Surely if national rankings were based on the overall academic, athletic, and social experience of young adults, County High would find its wee at the TOP of the list.In my mind, the unb lemished kind of high school experience takes place here at County High. Looking back on the olden four years, I have through my fair share of complaining, but I wouldnt have wanted to complain about anything else with anyone else. Weve pleaded with teachers and staff to let us into football games, basketball games, and school dances without our school IDs, simply because we didnt feel like carrying them. Weve managed to sneak water bottles, milk shakes, and French fries out of the cafeteria, while as well managing to get caught every now and then. Weve argued that our tapdance and tan polos actually resemble shades of orange and white, and when it came to a senior class trip, we simply couldnt bear one hundred eighty more days without one.Over the ultimo four years, I hope you have tried to find the best in every situation and numerate for the best in every person. To me, County High has been the greatest place to experience high school, and you, my classmates, my friends, my best friends, you have made the past four years enjoyable and survivable. I honestly couldnt have asked for a more intelligent, more talented, and more promising group of people to spend four entire years of my life with. Where else can you sign out of school early with 30 classmates simply to spend a sunny afternoon on the beach? Where else is there a basketball-player who refers to himself as Big Mac and a Prom Queen who answers to Fatty McFat-Fat? graduation Speech Is County High the Best School in America? Graduation Speech, Commencement AddressGood evening students, faculty, staff, family, and friends.I was NOT surprised to see County High School missing from Newsweeks list of the Top 100 High Schools in America for 2012. The magazine based their ranking on Advanced Placement scores and Ivy League acceptances. In the accompanying article on high school life, the journalist attempted to find the real worth of a high school education. Certainly, the excruciatingly painful 3-h our-long tests cannot sum up an entire four years of experience as a high school student. Speaking from personal knowledge, I can tell you those tests are in no shape, manner, or form fun. The journalist posed a most interesting question regarding modern education, asking, What happened to time for fun, football games, and memories of life in high school? Surely if national rankings were based on the overall academic, athletic, and social experience of young adults, County High would find its name at the TOP of the list.In my mind, the perfect kind of high school experience takes place here at County High. Looking back on the past four years, I have done my fair share of complaining, but I wouldnt have wanted to complain about anything else with anyone else. Weve pleaded with teachers and staff to let us into football games, basketball games, and school dances without our school IDs, simply because we didnt feel like carrying them. Weve managed to sneak water bottles, milk shakes, a nd French fries out of the cafeteria, while also managing to get caught every now and then. Weve argued that our pink and tan polos actually resemble shades of orange and white, and when it came to a senior class trip, we simply couldnt bear 180 more days without one.Over the past four years, I hope you have tried to find the best in every situation and look for the best in every person. To me, County High has been the greatest place to experience high school, and you, my classmates, my friends, my best friends, you have made the past four years enjoyable and survivable. I honestly couldnt have asked for a more intelligent, more talented, and more promising group of people to spend four entire years of my life with. Where else can you sign out of school early with 30 classmates simply to spend a sunny afternoon on the beach? Where else is there a basketball-player who refers to himself as Big Mac and a Prom Queen who answers to Fatty McFat-Fat?

The Definitions of Multi-Cultural Education

The purpose of this research paper is to discuss the increasing ask for multi- cultural education incorporation into the classroom. And to investigate the schooling techniques of elementary school teachers and adaptations that ordure and should be made in order to development the knowledge level of diversity among the students in the classroom.There are many definitions of multi-cultural education. The one most utilize and most relevant, I believe to this topic and todays educational society isAn education free of inherited biases, with freedom to explore new(prenominal) perspectives and cultures, providential by the goal of making children sensitive to the purity of the ship canal of life, different modes of analyzing experiences and ideas, and ways of looking at history found throughout the world.(Gay, 25 whitethorn 1994)This definition is the most descriptive one found because it mentions the goal of sensitizing children to understanding diversity and the other children ar ound them. Young children need to be overt to the teachings about cultures other than their own. Many kids only know about their own cultures and it is imperative to their futures that they are educated about the other students around them. Children need to suppurate up in a world without having any prejudice towards others.From the day a child is born, they are raised into the cultures of their parents. A child is taught their native wording and about their cultural beliefs. Different cultures eat different foods, have their own way of dressing and speaking, and possess many other distinct cultural aspects. Children rise up up questioning and understanding many aspects of their background and many times arent subjected to other cultures. It is up to a childs parents to be the firstborn teachers of multi-cultural education.Many times parents are bias to their own culture and way of life. There is a lot of discrimination in the world and many parents teach their children to discr iminate against others. Part of the job as a parent is to teach their children right from wrong and this includes learning about and accepting people for who they are, regardless of their disguise or race. Studies by Glock and others have shown that the more children understand about stereotyping, the less negativism they will have toward other groups (Ramsey, 1998, p.62). This is common sense to most educators and parents.The increase in diversity among the student population is one of the greatest challenges facing teachers in the 90s. Teachers have to not only teach their students about diversity and other cultures, but they similarly have to adapt their own views. Teachers open firet be bias to their own or other cultures. Teachers must(prenominal) treat each(prenominal) student equally. And most importantly, teachers may have to adapt their teaching styles and methods to adhere to the diversity among their students in the classroom.To adequately attend to cultural divers ity in the classroom, teachers must look first at their own cultural background and understand how their biases affect their interactions with students. Then, teachers can examine the backgrounds and needs of the student population and understand their students cultural biases as well. Many educators are bias to their own or other cultures and many are prejudice toward some cultures. This is a serious issue that teachers need to recognize and change before they can possibly begin teaching their students about diversity. If a teacher is bias, it will show in his or her teaching. Students may feel neglected or treated unequally.It may be difficult to treat every student equally, but it is important in order to cite balance in the classroom. Teachers must recognize each student in the classroom as being just as capable as every other student is. Teachers cannot always call on the same students they must give each and every student the benefit of the doubt. They must be sensible of th e variation and diversity in their classroom in order to adapt their teaching methods.Another important piece of knowledge that teachers should be aware of is recognizing the parents. telling teachers engage parent involvement and demonstrate interest in and respect for the familys culture when interacting with parents. Teachers should find out as much as they can from parents about each childs experiences and family situations. This can help them to understand and meet the childs needs.It is extremely important that teachers evaluate their teaching methods in order to incorporate multi-cultural learning into the classroom environment. Teachers need to be aware of the different ways that students learn and express themselves. Some students are better auditive learners, and some learn better with the use of visual aids. It is up to the teacher to notice these differences and adapt their teaching methods.There are so many ways to incorporate diversity into everyday lesson plans. Usin g childrens names from different cultures, in word problems for example, is a simple way. Literature is also an extremely thriving way to teach students about diversity. Having the students read about different cultures in reading groups or even reading aloud to them helps greatly. There are also very many holidays throughout the school year that recognize different cultures. Connecting lessons with examples from the real world is a great way to incorporate diverse learning into class curriculum.Another important aspect regarding multi-cultural incorporation is making sure that students get to know one another. Group work is very effective. Heterogeneous sort and grouping students with different ethnicities together is an excellent way for students to feel more comfortable around each other. Students will learn more about a person and understand that they may be different but are still just like them.Research Findings that verify the conceptual claims about the effects of multicu ltural education are rather sparse. This relative lack of research is due largely to the nature and relative youth of the field. During the 25 or so years of multicultural educations existence, most research and scholarship have been devoted to defining the conceptual parameters of the field, documenting cultural characteristics, and developing sample curricula and instructional strategies for classroom practice.(Hanson, 1998, March).

Nursing Management

Contents GLOSSARY ABSTRACT/SUMMARY INTRODUCTION DM 45 DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT STYLE 1. Self- assessment analysis 2. Stakeholders analysis 3. S. W. O. T analysis DM 46 RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION DM 47 MANAGING PERFORMANCE DM 48 DEVELOPING TEAMS & INDIVIDUALS RECOMMENDATION REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX Glossary D. O. H Department Of health N. H. S National Health Service N. S. F National Service Frame trifle P. E. S. T. O Political Economical Social proficient Others 7 S Shargond Values Strategy Structure System Staff air Skill S. M. A. R. T Specific Measurable Achievable Rea inclineicTime-bound S. W. O. T Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Abstract/Summary I am currently functional as a Charge Nurse/ Deputy cellblock Manager on Ward X , a Diabetic and Renal cellblock based at a North London Hospital. The protect contains 21 acute medical staminate beds and a team of 28 rounds which includes 6 student nurses, 2 domestics, 1 guard clerk, 7 health cargon assistan ts, 6 junior nurses, 4 precedential nurses and 2 ward sister/charge nurse. Some of my main responsibilities on the ward includes the assessment of c atomic number 18 needs for patient role ofs, the victimisation of programmes of care and their implementation and military rating and most importantly carrying turn up all relevant names of care without direct supervision, and licence procedures to, and supervise qualified and unqualified module and contribute to the overall life-threatening of the organisation by being a positive role model and treating all staff, visitors and service users with courtesy ( vermiform process 1). In this assignment I leave behind demonstrate the use of knowledge, management concepts and theories that I pick up acquired while undertaking this module of Managing People and re after-hours them to my clinical area.Certain area of practice will be identified, analysed and evaluated finished useful people management victimisation the CLINLAP mode l (Jumaa (1997) ), ( Jumaa & Alleyne (2001) ) at bottom the ward labelting. CLINLAP is defined as a strategic nursing leadership and learning work on that positions strategic learning as a driving force in spite of appearance health and social care organisations, on a day to day basis, in the management of nursing goals nursing roles nursing processes and nursing relationships (Jumaa & Alleyne, 1997 & 2001)Introduction The National service frameworks (NSFs) are long term strategies for improving specific areas of care. They set measurable goals within set time frames. NSFs set national standards and identify key interventions for a defined service or care group put in aim strategies to uphold implementation establish ways to ensure progress within an hold time scale form one of a range of measures to impose quality and decrease variations in service, introduced in The New NHS and A First Class Service.The NHS propose re-emphasised the role of NSFs as drivers in deliveri ng the Modernisation Agenda. Each NSF is substantial with the assistance of an extraneous Reference Group (ERG) which brings together health professionals, service users and carers, health service managers, partner agencies, and other advocates. ERGs adopt an inclusive process to prosecute the full range of receives. The Department of Health supports the ERGs and manages the overall process. (DOH, (2005) )The NSF disembowels it clear that the NHS is committed to building a modernisation programme to provide high quality patient care and improving the working lives of all NHS staff. In terms of patient care, it draws the attention to the need to look at each service from the patients point of view and to ensure that a patient focus is embedded in the culture. In order to achieve this, new and better ways of working are required through, for example Investing in the workforce in terms of more staff and better develop Giving frontline staff responsibility, freedom, skills and res ources to do a better origin, using their initiative for local innovation within national standards Reducing bureaucracy whilst increasing accountability so that thither are clear and transplant process for holding the NHS to account for their delivery of services Requiring staff to work effectively in teams, for example, through managed clinical networks Working in partnership with staff and involving them through re encloseationNHS is critically dependent on its employees for delivering the strategic and operational goals at corporate, departmental, functional and team levels and managing people efficiently and effectively has fix a central part of the ward manager/sister/charge nurses task at all levels particularly with a view to improving the performance of employees and thereby the performance of the NHS in delivering services. Ward managers increasingly are being expected to take great responsibility or the personnel department management aspects of their work. This im plies that we are able to function effectively in 4 key aspects of managing people evolution our own management style Employee recruitment and woof Managing performance by motivating and developing staffs Developing Teams and Individuals by improving staffs performance at both individual and team levels. Dm 45 Developing Management Style In this unit I will identify 3 ways of assessing my current skills and competence as a manager.These methods will brook me to discern clearly my strenghs and weaknesses and thereby identify areas on the ward in which improvements squeeze out be made and devise act plans which will then be monitored for progress. The 3 methods chosen will be, firstly self-assessment and analysis through estimate, secondly the stakeholder analysis tool and thirdly the pulverisation analysis tool. Self- assessment analysis Self-assessment step - 1. Arrange a meeting with Ward Manager to agree on an appraisal date. 2. Ward Manager distributes pre-appraisal meeting self-assessment form. Appendix 2) 3. Work through the pre-appraisal form making nones and identifying potential areas for improvement. (Appendix 2) 4. Meeting with Ward Manager on agreed appraisal date. Work through the Personal Development Plan form (Appendix 3) to make agreement on the current performance and potential areas for improvement 5. Following the meeting the Ward Manager distributes completed Personal Development Plan and list of potential areas for improvement 6. Ward Manager agrees and complete draft performance plan to forward to Matron 7.Matron follows up and verifies the Personal Development Plan. (Appendix 3) 8. Action plan agreed with matron. Ensure that all points on the action plan meet the SMART (Jumaa & Alleyne, (1998))criteria Specific, Measurable, Action based, Realistic and Time bound. (Appendix 3) Stakeholders analysis An integral part of the clinical plaque review process is feedback from stakeholders. The Hospitals definition of stakeholder s includes staff, patients, relatives of patients, carers, other local NHS organisations, voluntary groups and other people with an interest in the trust.The information provided through stakeholder work helps shape some of the areas that the clinical governance review will concentrate on. Clinical Governance is a framework through which NHS organisations are accountable for ceaselessly improving the quality of their services and safeguarding high standards of care by creating an environment in which excellence in clinical care will flourish. It aims to ca-ca not only a culture, but systems and ways of working which assure that the safety and the quality of care is at the heart of the business at every level. Appendix 1, Unit 5) As a Deputy ward manager it is important for me to take into account feedback from stakeholders for effective managerial performance and to provide high standards of care. In order to do so the table that I have produced below will help me to identify the role of individuals, or stakeholder groups who are embarrassd or affected by the clinical governance programme and after part thereby affect its success or failure. Stakeholder analysis chart Programme Organisation External Clinical Governance Hospital Diabetes UK , Patients Staffs, Patients Relatives, carers, PCTs Who wants the team to Succeed Yes Yes Fail No No Who is betting on the Succeeding Yes Yes team Failing No No Who is supporting the Visibly Yes No team Invisibly No Yes Whose success Affects the team Yes No Does the team affect Yes Yes Who does the teams Benefit Yes No change Damage Yes No Who can the teams Happen without No Yes change Not happen without Yes Yes In the above table it can be noted that the group of stakeholder who are mostly involved and influence a programme are mainly the patients and the staffs. As part of my objectives I will in future concentrate on feed back from my staff on the ward and our group of patients. This can be achieve by organising ward meetings with staffs or actually having a one-to-one interview with them at least once in a month. As for feedback from patients this can be organised by their allocated staff nurse in the form of an informal one-to-one interview at some point prior to the patient being discharged home. SWOT analysis A SWOT analysis is a tool, used in management and strategy formulation. It can help to identify the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of an organisation.Strengths and weaknesses are inhering factors that create or destroy value. They can include assets, skills or resources that the ward has at its disposal to provide care to patients. They can be measured using an internal assessment tool such as Peters & Watermans 7Ss. The table below will help me assess the internal factors of the ward and identify my goals and make them SMART (Jumaa & Alleyne (2001)) This will help me to identify areas for development. Sha red Values live The ward believes in team working providing quality care Goal To support staffs and encourage them to carry on working as a team Provide them with feedback from patient on quality of care on the ward. StrategyCurrent The ward believes in staffs further development and clinical skills. Goal To send every qualified staff on inhouse study days to develop their clinical skills Structure Current Staffs does not communicate clearly between each other to promote continuity of Care. Goal To meet up with staffs on a one-to-one basis or ward meeting and discuss appropriate communication. System Current Staff appraisals only being carried out once in a year Goal To discuss with manager if appraisals can be done every 6 months Staff Current The trust is introducing elder Health Care Assistant posts.Goal Identify if every of the present Health Care Assistants on the ward are suitable candidates for the post by appropriate supervision. Style Current The ward has a team with mult icultural staffs Goal Encourage staffs to respect each others cuture and thereby work more efficiently. Skill Current The ward has staffs with several(predicate) skill mix. Goal Give positive feedback on their skills and encourage them to share their knowledge and attend study days to expand them. Opportunities and threats are away factors that create or destroy value. Usually an organisation cannot control them and they emerge from Political, Economical, Social, Technological and Others.The assessment below using PESTO will help me to identify the goals set up by external factors and which needs to be included on the ward to meet expectations and thereby identify areas for my own professional development. Political Current The NHS Plan outlines a new delivery system for the NHS and changes for social services, and changes for NHS staff groups. It as well as sets out plans for cutting waiting times, clinical priorities and reducing inequality. Goal get regular ward meetings to d iscuss with team how to incorporate changes on the ward. Economical Current The NHS budget has doubled since 1997, and will have almost trebled by 2008.All NHS organisations including my ward are receiving above inflation funding increases, both this year and next. Goal Meet up with team and prioritise our expenses so we can work within our budget Sociological Current The Hospital accommodate patients from different ethical background and beliefs. Goal Ensure that the trust can meet certain requirements for its ethnic minority group. For example providing them with special diet want halal meal in the case of muslim patients. Technological Current The trust is currently using advance computer system to handle patients data. Goal Ensure that members of the staffs who are not computer literate attend IT course for quicker access to patients data. OtherCurrent The Hospital has performed puff up in maintaining and encouraging The clean our hands campain and reducing the risk of cross infection Goal Encourage the team by giving them positive feedback and reinforce infection control policy. DM 46 Recruitment and Selection Once a trust has decided on its goals, it is of the essence(p) that it identifies whether it has the people necessary to achieve them. Trusts need to develop ways of assessing the number of employees that they need to provide specific services. The implications of the recent policy changes in the NHS are that there will be further major changes in the numbers and deployment of employees across trusts. DOH, (2005)) As a Deputy Ward Manager part of my responsibilities is also to have a clear view of the number of staffs that we have on the ward and the number that we need to deliver the trusts objectives. Currently on my ward we have vacancies for 2 permanent Senior Staff nurses post previously known as grade E. The new post which is now named Band 5b match to the agenda for change has been created by the trust due to our increase in bed turnover and high demand of standards of care. Before the posts were advertised I had a meeting with my Ward Manager and Matron so we can focus on the basic stages of recruitment which are 1. Agree the vacancy 2. Prepare a job description 3. Prepare a person specification 4. Attract applicants through good advertisement(Appendix 4a) 5. Selection 6. InductionIt is important for us team leaders to use vacancies as an opportunity for re-assessing peoples needs and the organisations structure so objectives can be achieved. Therefore an agreement between team leaders is important to reach our goals. After the agreement me and my ward manager we devised the job description and person specification taking into account an analysis of the following criterias (Kneeland, (1999)) the present or expected duties of the job changes which might impact on the job in the future existing duties which might be done more effectively or efficiently by some one else new duties that could be added to the job While preparing the job description my manager and I focused on 5 important aspects which were Accuracy in order not to understate or overstate the role and duties associated with the post. (Appendix 4b, segmentation A) Clarity in terms of tasks, duties, roles and responsibilities(Appendix 4, Section B) Up-to-date (Appendix 4b, Section A, E) Flexibility (Appendix 4b, Section A, B) Non-discriminatory particularly in terms of gender,marital status or ethinic background The use of person specifications have a different purpose and it actually aims to identify the qualifications, skills, experience and abilities which are seen as essential or desirable in the post-holder and is used primarily to assist those involved in the selection process. (Appendix 5)After the posts were advertised and the applications received me and my ward manager short-listed 8 candidates out of 23 applications. This was undertaken by eliminating those who did not meet the pre-agreed essential requirements as set out in the person specification. (Appendix 5). For example some candidates did not have the knowledge of the KSF of Diabetes which is an essential requirement for the post as we specialise in this area or did not have a minimum of 12 months experience as a qualified staff nurse. We made sure that the necessary information virtually the selection process were recorded and appropriate feedback given to unsuccessfull candidates about their performance at the interview.Once the 2 candidates out of the 8 were successfull and appointed, it was important for me to plan induction and development for them. Given the investment made in new employees it is important that they should receive an appropriate induction so they can bring maximum contribution to the trust. At the Whittington Hospital, the trust induction covers areas such as the trust objectives so that the employee understands what they are trying to achieve, individualized objectives so that the staff understands what is expected from them and relevant immediate schooling so that the person can properly undertake their job. Though it is a policy for every new employees to attend the trust nduction, I would personally barrack that all new starters on my ward should have a mentor to supervise them for at least the first 2 weeks of employment or pull down suggest an informal visit to the ward prior to interview so that candidates feel that the working environment is appropriate for their futur development. DM 47 Managing deed Performance management encompasses a range of standard management techniques and is not necessarily a formal system and is not necessarily the corresponding as an appraisal system. (Templar, (2001)). On my ward, performance management systems is a common benefit which enable my staffs to see more clearly their role on the ward and the trusts objectives. The key elements of managing my group of staffs involve setting objectives for the ward, assessing their development needs, making it happen, review it and doing better. Staffs on the ward need to know what is expected of them. Setting objectives which are S. M. A. R.T for action means that they can be sure what they should deliver, when and how. (Appendix 6). Discussion about individual objectives will also enable my staffs to understand why they should do the things that they have to do and how they fit into and contribute to the wider goals and aims of the trust. It is important to assess the pedagogy and development needs of my staffs to improve their ability to reach the standards of performance expected of them in their jobs. This process should leave alone in planned actions to meet individual needs, and will, where appropriate. (Appendix 6). In order to make the assessment happened, communication between me and my staffs should be improve.Many tangible and intangible factors contribute to an effective working environment. As a deputy manager it is important for me to focus on the creation of a shared understanding and sense of purpose in my workplace, in particular, communication,culture and climate. Good communication is essential for effective performance management. For example on my ward internal communication such as team briefings, staff meeting, noticeboards and emails enables me and my ward manager to ensure that all our staffs are clear about the wards goals and that messages are given and received to and from staffs. This include aims and objectives as well training and development opportunities.Peoples performance is affected by their working environment. Morale,motivation, frustration, enthusiasm and commitment all influence the performance that the trust can achieve, so understanding what is important to staffs and listening to and acting on their views is an essential part of organising effectively. (Templar, (2001)). Having set objectives for individual staffs it is essential that performance and progress are regularly reviewed with individuals so that st affs feel recognised for their achievement and can identify areas where performance can improve. Reviews are necessary to improve individual and organisational performance but at the same time identify execrable performance.The scenario below will demonstrate a situation where one of my junior staff nurse was constantly showing poor performance on the ward and the action taken against her. Scenario Miss X, a junior staff nurse on the ward has been persistently coming late to work and is very slow in carrying out her daily tasks. Several members of Senior staff nurses have been reporting to me that standard of care for the group of patient she was looking after, has been deteriorating. I had a formal meeting on a one-to-one basis with Miss X where her poor performance issues were raised and an action plan was devised. It was discussed that she will be on a 3 months probation and will be supervised at all times by a sr. member of staff and feedback will be given to me if her perform ance was improving.A copy of her job description and a self-assessment form was provided to her so she can set her personal objectives and discuss it with my manager or myself. The disciplinary and grievance process of the trust states that no disciplinary action will be taken against an employee until the case has been full investigated. However, it should be recognised that there may be occasions when a full investigation is impossible e. g imprisonment. For example individuals will be certain of specific complaints against them in writing and will be given the opportunity to state their case directly to those who are considering disciplinary action before any decisions are made.Individuals and their Trade Union representative will be given a written explanation of any penalty imposed and its duration and in the case of written warnings , will have the right to appeal against this penalty. Usually no employee will normally be dismissed for a first rift of discipline except in ca ses of gross misconduct where summary dismissal without notice or pay in lieu of notice will be appropriate sanction. It, should, however, be recognised that there will be occasions, not covered by gross misconduct, when it will be necessary, because of the seriousness of the offence, for disciplinary action to begin at any stage of the procedure up to and including dismissal with notice for a first offence. (The Hospital disciplinary and grievance policy, (2006) )In the case of a first offence or disciplinary measures my role will be to discuss it first with my line manager as they are the one who are allowed to issue oral warning, dismissals and discuss the circumstances with Human Resources. DM 48 Developing Teams & individuals To get the topper from employees, managers need to know who will be doing what, where the strengths and weaknesses of staffs are and which skills need to be developed by their teams. Properly set, achievable objectives that make clear what is expected, by when and to what standard, benefit both staffs and managers by clarifying roles and responsibilities, and assist in delivering value for money in the use of people resources.Setting performance objectives with staffs will also enable us managers to assess how our team can be best be used productively and identify any areas where staffs are producing different results and output. This can be useful in benchmarking performance and identifying individual, team and departmental areas for improved productivity. (Templar, (2001)) When performance objectives and standards are set for a team, it is necessary to assess whether the team has the skills to meet the standards being set and to agree how skills will be developed if they do not already exist. This is particularly important when ways of working are being changed.The Developmental plan below which has been devised with a team member and also reflect the teams objectives as a whole, demonstrate the organisational and individual needs that can be met in many ways Development Plan Individual/Team Work shadowing Get full support from Senior members of the team and provide feedback. Special Projects Encourage staffs to actively get involve with hospital projects such as campaings. Planned self-development Meet at least every 6 months for appraisal and plan self -development Mentoring Offer support to impudently qualified staff in the form of mentorship/preceptorship for the first 2 weeks of joining the team Coaching and guidance Provide staffs with support and guidance whenever and wherever required. learning for professional qualifications Encourage staff to go for further studies for example encourage Diploma holder to complete their Degree or send people for specialiser course such as the Diabetic Course. Planned delegation Ensure that Senior staff nurses take responsibility in delegating tasks to junior staffs, H. C. As and student nurses On-the-job training Encourage staffs to attend in-ho use clinical skills study days. New responsibilites Allocate new rsponsibilities to members of the team. For example making each member of the staff responsible for certain part of the ward like for instance in charge of the treatment rooms general tidiness. Off the- job training Negociate with staffs if there is any external training they want to attend and provide them with leave or day off. Job rotation/secondment Senior staff nurses to act as team leader in the absence of myself or the ward manager. Membership of professional societies Encourage staffs to join professional bodies like the Royal College of Nursing and UNISON In the above table it can be noted that the individual development needs add up to the team development needs and trust-wide development needs.Individual managers must have a view of the team needs across the trust so that common needs can be met in the most cost-effective way and competing needs can be prioritised. Recommendations Staff develop ment should be linked to the achievement of the trusts goals and targets. If a key priority for the trust is to improve patient care, development plans at individual, team, departmental and corporate level should reflect that goal by direction on enhancing the skills of staffs to deliver the required levels of patient care. Staffs will know which aspects of their work need support and development and are well placed to identify training and development needs to help them perform better in their jobs ReferencesDepartment of Health (2005), The New NHS plan London D. O. H Jumaa, M. O & Alleyne, J. (2001), Managing and Leading in a constanly changing contexts in Health and Social Care Middlesex University Kneeland, S. (1999), Recruiting for Results How To Books Ltd Templar, R. (2001), Fast Thinking Appraisal Pearson Education Ltd The Hospital (2006)Disciplinary and Grievance policy The Whittington Hospital Bibliography Belbin, R. M. (1996). Managing Teams why they succeed or fail. Oxf ord Butterworth-Heinemann. Johnson, G. & Scholes, K. (2001). Exploring Corporate Strategy 6th Edition Prentice-Hall Martin, V. & Henderson, E. (2001). Managing in Health and Social Care Routeledge

Data Analysis for Business Decisions Essay

1. Introduction finale merchandiseHoneymoon Destinations is a business that produces video footage that contains resort-specific and region-specific footage regarding the around popular vacation destination resorts including Hawaiian Islands, Caribbean Islands, Mexico and Florida. The marketing of destinations serve to guide newlyweds by means of capturing videos including rating each resort based on the most important characteristics such as view, cost and accommodations. These footages examine to generate an attractive, fascinating and informative product on what the newlyweds throw out expect on their once in a life snip expedition. (Parry, Mark, 1999)2. Honeymoon Destinations MarketStudies go for directd that in the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the amount that newlyweds spent on weddings and in the average age of first time brides and grooms. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services findings break up that in the year 1967, the average age is 23.8 and 21.6 for men and women, severally. However, the average age has increased to 26.4 and 24.5 for men and woman, separately in the year 1987. This indicates that because first-time brides and grooms are postponing their weddings, they may more monetary re bases to spend more on honeymoon expenditures down the line. (Parry, Mark, 1999)3. Data AnalysisHoneymoon Destinations has substantial and administered a marketing feasibility study in order to investigate the impending demand for honeymoon destination videos. A survey has been mailed to 260 upstart bridal fair participants in the area. Out of the 260 prospective participants, 91 have successfully submitted a responsewith a measured response rate of 35%. In order to understand the complexity of honeymoon destination marketing by means of video footage to newlyweds, this report attempts to analyze, calculate and investigate various entropy techniques for business conclusions in the area of strategic marketing and mana gement of honeymoon destinations. Additionally, this paper is based on info analysis research pertaining to the honeymoon destination direct mail survey where comprehensive frameworks have been tested and implemented discussing a broad range of destination marketing channels, sources and references for the club to further remedy current and future business decisions in the honeymoon destination marketing industry. (Parry, Mark, 1999)First Case ScenarioThe analysis has focused on the companys marketing and scattering to as few as channels as possible. Additionally, the report has analyzed what the very best channels would be based on what the data indicates. The survey question reads From what source would you be likely to purchase the video? The sources (distribution channels) have been investigated as to look at what sources people utilized to purchase the honeymoon destination video. The descriptive analysis has calculated the count (number) of full recipients who respondedwh ich was measured at 91and the mode (frequency) of the 91 recipients who responded with a 1 (check) or a 0 (no check) and has calculated the count (number) of recipients.In this section, the t subject and graph above contains the percentage of respondents who stated that they could be likely to purchase a video from a special(prenominal) source. The sum amount of responses for variables 45-52 have been divided by the total (count) of the low income congregation (income level of $25,000-$69,000 and high income base (income level of $70,000-92,000). For instance, using the source acceptation Shopsthe sum of this particular variable is calculated at 19. The sum is then divided by the total count of the low income group, which is calculated at 0.35 or 35%. Using the same source, the sum of this particular variable is calculated at 10.The sum of 10 is then divided by the total count of the high-income group, which is calculated at 0.28 or 28%. The data findings indicate that both the low-income and high-income group is less likely to purchase a video from the Bridal Shop source. Another source that would both groups would not be likely to purchase a video from is the Video Rental Storethe data is calculated at 18% and 25% for low-income and high-income groups, respectively. (Parry, Mark, 1999) (Bowerman, Bruce L., OConnell, Richard T., Murphree, Emily S.,2011) Proposal and Recommendations for Scenario OneAs a pass of implementing descriptive statistics analysis and creating an appropriate graph and tabular representation, the findings conclude that the most popular channel types to purchase videos are from1. Bridal magazines which was calculated that 75% of people in the lower income bracket and 82% of people in the higher(prenominal) income bracket. For this particular channel, people with higher income would be most likely to purchase videos from Bridal Magazines than people with lower income. 2. Travel Magazines which was calculated that 77.8% of people in t he lower income bracket and 82% of people in the higher income bracket. For this particular channel, findings conclude that there is very little difference in the type of income group that would purchase videos from the travel magazines.Honeymoon Destinations should focus more attention on using Travel Magazines and Bridal Magazines as the most effective marketing and distribution channels for advertizing honeymoon video footage to newlywedsfor both the low-income and high-income groups. When it comes to investing in a honeymoon getaway, the travel possibilities can be endless however the choices and the decision may leave the couples feeling confused and undecided. (Parry, Mark, 1999) This leads an important question who is primarily responsible for researching a possible honeymoon resort and who makes the decision in selecting the most preferred destinationthe bride, groom or both?As indicated in the above graph, the bride takes primary responsibility in researching possible honey moon getaways measured at 76.9% of the time, 11 % for grooms and 12.1% of the time both take equal responsibility in looking for honeymoon resorts. However, 82.4% of the time both couples share equal responsibility on making the actual decision on a honeymoon destination, whereas a mere 8.8% for brides and 8.8% of grooms take primary responsibility in making a decision. With the try out that unavoidably accompanies wedding planning, Honeymoon Destinations can utilize Bridal Magazines and Travel Magazines as its best marketing and distribution sources to further assist couples in researching and decision making on the perfect destination and itineraryas a result, the couples can enjoy their once in a lifetime getaway. (Parry, Mark, 1999) Second Case ScenarioFor this particular role scenario, it is believed that the individuals in the target group Individuals with higher incomesis more willing to spend at least $15.00 on the Honeymoon Destinations Video. This report tests this hyp othesis. The analysis notwithstanding observed individuals with higher incomes (upper half of the sample $70,000 or more). A z test could not be measured because it requires knowing more information than what was unattached in the survey analysis. A z-test requires knowing the pry of a population measurement divergence (sigma) to be able to compute the standard error of the estimate. In most instances, this is rarely knownsuch in this case.The data calculated the standard deviation of the sampling distribution (measured at 3.852848874). As a result a one-sample, one-sided t-Test was employed for the sample higher-income group (variable 53) because the population standard deviation was not available in a sample of 91 participants in the direct-mail survey the sample standard deviation was utilized as an estimate for testing purposes. (See descriptive and statistical analysis below) (Bowerman, Bruce L., OConnell, Richard T., & Murphree, Emily S., 2011)Utilizing the one-sample, on e-sided t-Test. the test statistic is t = 20.41606. 4. The P value of 0.00001 has been calculated for the possible test condition and compared it to the alpha level of 0.05. Therefore, the P value has determined to extinguish the null hypothesis. 5. Conclusion We can observe that 20.41606 0.00001 in a one tail test (upper) thus the absolute value of our test statistic is greater than the associated p-value and is in the rejection region (and p-value has determined to reject the null hypothesis).Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative hypothesis. Therefore, the data analysis findings can statistically conclude that the sample provides enough proof that the average amount the high-income group will be willing to spend is more than $15 for the Honeymoon Destinations Video. If the alpha was measured at .01 and .10 with the P value still at 0.00001, the null hypothesis would still be rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis. (Bowerman, Bruce L., OCo nnell, Richard T., & Murphree, Emily S., 2011)Third Case ScenarioFor the last case scenario, the analysis report is more interested in developing an estimate for what the average individual would be willing to pay rather than computing a hypothesis testing. Therefore, 95% sureness intervals have been developed for the average price individuals would be willing to pay one for the lower-income group and one for the higher-income group.Dividing variable 54 into a low-income group and high-income group and also dividing Variable 53 (Amount willing to pay to purchase Honeymoon Destinations Video)producing the below descriptive analysis of the sample average, standard deviation and sample size for the low and high income groups.The population standard deviation is not known, therefore, the sample standard deviation for low-income and high-income groups is estimated which is calculated at 6.876349 and 3.852849, respectivelyutilizing variable 53. (Parry, Mark, 1999) (Bowerman, Bruce L., OC onnell, Richard T., Murphree, Emily S., 2011) The sample size (n) of 55 for low-income group measures the sample average amount willing to pay for the video is $8.89 (rounded up). The sample standard deviation is calculated at 6.876349. A 95% confidence interval has been developed for the average price the low-income group is willing to pay for the video at $8.89. The findings indicate that the confidence interval is 7.03 for the lower limit and 10.75 for the higher limit of amount willing to pay for the video, respectively.The margin of error of 1.86 (the degree of accuracy in the analysis) is the t-multiple of 2.005 quantify the standard error of the estimation at 0.93 which indicates how faraway the confidence level would extend on each some of the point estimate. Conversely, the sample size (n) of 36 for high-income group measures the sample average amount willing to pay for the video is $28.11 (rounded up). The sample standard deviation is calculated at 3.852849. A 95% confid ence interval has been developed for the average price the high-income group is willing to pay for the video at $28.11. The findings indicate that the confidence interval is $26.81 for the lower limit and $29.41 for the higher limit of amount willing to pay for the video, respectively.The margin of error of 1.30 (the degree of accuracy in the analysis) is the t-multiple of 2.030 times the standard error of the estimation at 0.64 which indicates how far the confidence level would extend on each some of the point estimate. (Bowerman, Bruce L., OConnell, Richard T., Murphree, Emily S., 2011) As part of the comparative analysis between the low-income group and high-income group assuming that if this procedure were to be restate on multiple samplesthe calculated confidence interval would encompass the true population parameter 95% of the time. Thus, the repeated samples that are taken from both groups, 95% of the time, the average amount people in the low-income group willing to pay wil l be between $7.03 and $10.75. And, 95% of the time, the average amount people in the high-income group willing to pay will be between $26.81 and $29.41. (Bowerman, Bruce L., OConnell, Richard T., Murphree, Emily S., 2011)Proposal and Recommendations for Scenario Two and ThreeAlthough it has been suggested to carry on each 45 minute video for a retail price of $14.95, the Company ineluctably to recognize that its difficult to appeal to all consumers in the honeymoon marketplace, or at least cannot appeal to all consumers in the same way. Consumers are extremely diverse, widely scattered and significantly varied in their particular needs and purchasing practices. Its important to note that low-income individuals who are looking to book a honeymoon resort face challenges of economic stableness and an increase in the amount spent towards weddings. Since the high-income group is willing to pay more between $26.81 and $29.41, whereas the low-income group is willing to pay between $7.03 and $10.75 for honeymoon destinations videos, the company must shift from mass marketing strategies to both a target marketing and differential pricing method. (See diagram below)Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy Creating Value for level CustomersFirst, the company must effectively identify and select diverse market segments (i.e. low income, high income, age, etc), differentiate based on their interest/financial resources and needsand further improve channels of distribution/products/services tailored to each particular population segment in various affluent and discounted retail investment firm locations. Secondly, Honeymoon Destinations can then implement a differential pricing practice which entails charging the high-income group more, while charging the low-income group less for the same productwhich in this case is the honeymoon video. (Marshall, Greg W. & Johnston, Mark, 2010)Possible implications of differential pricingIf Honeymoon Destinations sells the 45 minute video footage for several different prices, higher income individuals who are willing and able to spend more than $15.00 for the video may end up deciding its cheaper to pay for the lower priced video. However, this would force the lower-income individuals to pay more. (Marshall, Greg W. & Johnston, Mark, 2010) Each difference has capableness to either create company costs as well as customer benefits. A difference is worth establishing to the extent that it will satisfy not scarce the high income group but, more importantly the low income group. The company should look to improve marketing strategies that satisfy both the high-income and low-income groups by meeting the pursual criteria 1. Importance the video will deliver a highly valued benefit to the target group 2.Distinctive and Superior Emphasize that the company offers a more informative and distinctive video footage over other competitorswhich can be tailored based on the target groups financial resources, needs, desires and p ersonality. 3. Visibility the video footage is visible and easily accessible to the target audience. Therefore, providing the broadest possible access to the video allowsand encourages differential pricing. Not implementing differential pricing will only ensure that the low-income individuals will have little to no access to purchasing the video they couldnt otherwise afford. Overall, selecting the best position of the product can be challenging however, providing a wide-range of choices and prices is crucial to the companys overall current and future success. (Marshall, Greg W. & Johnston, Mark, 2010)ReferencesBowerman, Bruce L., OConnell, Richard T., & Murphree, Emily S. (2011). Chapter 9 Hypothesis Testing. In Data Analysis for art Decisions (Sixth ed., pp. 351-392). New York, NY, USA McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. . Bowerman, Bruce L., OConnell, Richard T., Murphree, Emily S. (2011). Data Analysis for Business Decisions (Sixth ed.). New York, NY, USA McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Ma rshall, Greg W. & Johnston, Mark. (2010). Marketing Management. New York, NY, USA McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Parry, Mark. (1999). Honeymoon Destinations. University at Virginia , Darden Graduate work of Business Administration. Charlottesville, VA Darden Business Publishing. Retrieved December 27, 2012

“A Secret Sorrow” by Karen van der Zee and “A Sorrowful Woman” Gail Godwin Essay

In both the excerpts from K ben train der omegas novel A Secret affliction and in Gail Godwins dead fabrication A Sorrowful muliebrity, the bandages center on ideas of conjugal union and family. Conversely, conjugal union and family be presented in genuinely different lights in the two stories. Karen van der Zee presents conjugation with children as perfect and completely fulfilling it is what Faye, the champion of A Secret Sorrow, wants and what is necessary to her cheer. For Godwins unnamed protagonist, marriage and family are almost the antithesis of gaiety her home life seems to suffocate hear and eventu on the wholey leads her to death. A Secret Sorrow directly endorses and encourages marriage, whereas A Sorrowful Woman indirectly questions and discourages it.Both of the female person protagonists in the two stories experience a conflict. In A Secret Sorrow Fayes conflict comes before the marriage. She is struck with misery and torment because she cannot guide wa ter children and fears that this leave alone prevent her from marrying the man she cuts. Both she and her beloved, Kai, desire marriage with children, and van der Zee suggests that only with these amours will they truly be happy. Faye feels that her inability to have children is a fatal flaw that cuts her off from Kais love. Every while we see some pregnant cleaning woman, every time were with somebody elses children Ill feel Ive failed you (Zee 35).Fayes anxiety and fear are based on the thought of losing her beloved Kai, accompany by never having children. In A Sorrowful Woman, however, the conflict comes after the marriage, when the woman has already secured her maintain and child. Un wish well Faye, who would be ecstatic in this womans situation, the protagonist of Godwins story is not. Oddly enough, her husband and son bring her such affliction that eventually she is unable to see them at all, communicating only through notes stuck under her bedchamber door. Godwins c haracter has a loving husband and child, get ahead in spite of this, she is still filled with grief. This sense of defeat is unimaginable when compared to a dapple romance because it goes against the assumption that the rest is happily ever after.In A Secret Sorrow, marriage is portrayed as the resolution. train der Zee working to present the reader with the idea that only with this aspect will Faye be fulfilled and happy it is what the entire story, with all the plottwists and romantic interludes, works toward. unification is also the end in A Sorrowful Woman barely not as expected it is quite literally the end of the womans life. Though hotshot doesnt see what her life was like before her emotional crisis, there are hints of it. When she moves into a new bed live, away from her husband, she mentions seeing the streets from a whole new perspective, which suggests the previous monotony of her daily life. In addition, when the woman bakes pies and bread and washes and folds the laundry, her son says, Shes tired from doing all our things again, (Godwin 42). This gives the reader the idea of what our things was and what the woman did with her time before her crisis.The monotony of marriage is absent in A Secret Sorrow. Fayes inability to have children does not end Kais love for her, instead, the two go on to marry and adopt children. Fayes married life is described in a very idyllic way she raises her son and two daughters in a white ranch ingleside under the blue skies of Texas (Zee 37). Once she is married and has children, there is no more anxiety because the plot leads one to the conclusion that marriage solves all problems and is a antecedent of unending happiness. This greatly differs from Godwins tale, which takes place in winter and maintains a sense of cold.Whenever Godwin describes the family, it is in terms that suggest weight, guilt, or failure. The childs believe gaze makes the protagonist begin yelping without tears (Godwin 39). Any sign of life or love increases her sorrow and makes her want solitary. One case in point is when the hired girl brings her son to visit her with a grasshopper hes foundsomething both alive and from the outside world she gets very upset and forces her husband to fire the girl. It would appear that the girl is overly much of an infringement on her space, likewise much of a reminder of what she can no longer be.The discrepancy between the two authors illustrations of marriage is most apparent when both women are viewing their families. Faye, sitting with her husband and watching her children play, feels that life was retributive and filled with love (Zee 37). Godwins protagonist, on the other hand, articulates, The sight of them made her so miserable and sick she did not want to see them ever again (Godwin 38).When Kai, now her husband, embraces Faye, she feels,There was love in his embrace and love in his words and in her heart there was no manner for doubt, no room for sorrow (Zee 37). When Godwins heroine feels the loving touch of her husbands arm and the kiss of her child, she cannot own it any longer and cuts off all direct penetrate with them. The situation of her marriage forces her into a self-imposed imprisonment and indolence.She feels agonizingly poignant because she can no longer be who they want and need her to be. She avoids them not because she does not love them but rather because she loves them so much that it is too painful to see them and too troublesome for them to feel her failure. The axiom to Godwins story tells us that Once upon a time there was a married woman and a mother one too many times (Godwin 38). The addition of one too many times to this traditional story opening forces the idea of repetition and monotony it suggests that it is not the state of being a wife and mother that is innately dreadful but rather the fact that that is all Godwins character is. Day in and day out, too many times over, the woman is just a wife and a mo ther, and it isnt enough for her.In van der Zees story there could be no such thing as too much motherhood or too much of being a wife. When Fayes fears of losing Kai are assuaged, and she is happily married, it is as though a great weight has been lifted off her. Alternatively, Godwins character feels her marriage as a great weight pressing on her which results in her immobilization. When she leaves her room for a day and puts out freshly baked bread for her husband and son, they express their happiness in the notes they write to her that night, and the force of the two joyful notespress her into the corner of the little room she hardly had space to breathe (Godwin 42). Faye can be a traditional wife and mother, so her family is a source of joy. However, in Godwins characters case, she can no longer be the traditional wife and mother, the representation of her own failure, which inevitably draws her guilt to push her further and further into herself until she can retreat no further and ends her life.The closing stages of the two stories are stringy illustrations of the differences between them. In the end of A Secret Sorrow the author shows the reader Fayes feelings beautiful, complete, whole (Zee 38) in her roleas a wife and mother. Godwin, on the other hand, leaves the audience with the protagonist dead on her bed. Godwin seems to give the reader hope by showing all that the woman has done when she says, the theatre smelled redolently of renewal and spring (Godwin 42). This makes the misfortune even harder when one discovers, on with the husband and child, the womans death. The ambiguous way the death of Godwins unnamed protagonist is dealt with reinforces the authors negative tone towards marriage. It isnt explicitly written as suicide however, Godwin seems to encourage her readers to see it as the inevitable consequence of her marriage. new wave der Zee creates a story full of emotional highs and lows, but one that leads up to and ends with marriage. A fter the marriage all of the plot twists and traumas come to a halt, replaced with calmness and happiness. Faye is brought to new life by her marriage and children she finds fulfillment of all of her desires in them. Godwins story, however, is full of post marital anguish and confusion. The character she creates is stifled and definitely unfulfilled by her marriage.A burst of creative efficiency right before her death produces, among other things, a sheath of marvelous watercolor beasts accompanied by mad and fanciful stories nobody could ever make up again, and a tablet full of love sonnets addressed to the man (Godwin 42). It is clear that the woman had talents and desires not met by the routine duties of her marital life. For Faye, the protagonist of A Secret Sorrow, marriage is the happily-ever-after ending she has wanted all of her life for Godwins protagonist, marriage is just a monotonous and interminable ever after. In any case, humans cannot bear too much reality.Works C itedGodwin, Gail. A Sorrowful Woman. 38-42.Van der Zee, Karen. A Secret Sorrow. 30-38.A Secret Sorrow by Karen van der Zee and A Sorrowful Woman Gail Godwin EssayIn both the excerpts from Karen van der Zees novel A Secret Sorrow and in Gail Godwins short story A Sorrowful Woman, the plots center on ideas of marriage and family. Conversely, marriage and family are presented in very different lights in the two stories. Karen van der Zee presents marriage with children as perfect and completely fulfilling it is what Faye, the protagonist of A Secret Sorrow, wants and what is necessary to her happiness. For Godwins unnamed protagonist, marriage and family are almost the antithesis of happiness her home life seems to suffocate hear and eventually leads her to death. A Secret Sorrow directly endorses and encourages marriage, whereas A Sorrowful Woman indirectly questions and discourages it.Both of the female protagonists in the two stories experience a conflict. In A Secret Sorrow Fayes c onflict comes before the marriage. She is struck with misery and torment because she cannot have children and fears that this will prevent her from marrying the man she loves. Both she and her beloved, Kai, desire marriage with children, and van der Zee suggests that only with these things will they truly be happy. Faye feels that her inability to have children is a fatal flaw that cuts her off from Kais love. Every time we see some pregnant woman, every time were with somebody elses children Ill feel Ive failed you (Zee 35). Fayes anxiety and fear are based on the thought of losing her beloved Kai, accompanied by never having children.In A Sorrowful Woman, however, the conflict comes after the marriage, when the woman has already secured her husband and child. Unlike Faye, who would be ecstatic in this womans situation, the protagonist of Godwins story is not. Oddly enough, her husband and son bring her such sorrow that eventually she is unable to see them at all, communicating onl y through notes stuck under her bedroom door. Godwins character has a loving husband and child, yet in spite of this, she is still filled with grief. This sense of defeat is unimaginable when compared to a Harlequin romance because it goes against the assumption that the rest is happily ever after.In A Secret Sorrow, marriage is portrayed as the resolution. Van der Zee works to present the reader with the idea that only with this aspect will Faye be fulfilled and happy it is what the entire story, with all the plottwists and romantic interludes, works toward. Marriage is also the end in A Sorrowful Woman but not as expected it is quite literally the end of the womans life. Though one doesnt see what her life was like before her emotional crisis, there are hints of it. When she moves into a new bedroom, away from her husband, she mentions seeing the streets from a whole new perspective, which suggests the previous monotony of her daily life. In addition, when the woman bakes pies and bread and washes and folds the laundry, her son says, Shes tired from doing all our things again, (Godwin 42). This gives the reader the idea of what our things was and what the woman did with her time before her crisis.The monotony of marriage is absent in A Secret Sorrow. Fayes inability to have children does not end Kais love for her, instead, the two go on to marry and adopt children. Fayes married life is described in a very idyllic way she raises her son and two daughters in a white ranch house under the blue skies of Texas (Zee 37). Once she is married and has children, there is no more anxiety because the plot leads one to the conclusion that marriage solves all problems and is a source of unending happiness. This greatly differs from Godwins tale, which takes place in winter and maintains a sense of cold.Whenever Godwin describes the family, it is in terms that suggest weight, guilt, or failure. The childs trusting gaze makes the protagonist begin yelping without tears (Go dwin 39). Any sign of life or love increases her sorrow and makes her want solitary. One case in point is when the hired girl brings her son to visit her with a grasshopper hes foundsomething both alive and from the outside world she gets very upset and forces her husband to fire the girl. It would appear that the girl is too much of an infringement on her space, too much of a reminder of what she can no longer be.The discrepancy between the two authors illustrations of marriage is most apparent when both women are viewing their families. Faye, sitting with her husband and watching her children play, feels that life was good and filled with love (Zee 37). Godwins protagonist, on the other hand, articulates, The sight of them made her so sad and sick she did not want to see them ever again (Godwin 38).When Kai, now her husband, embraces Faye, she feels,There was love in his embrace and love in his words and in her heart there was no room for doubt, no room for sorrow (Zee 37). When G odwins heroine feels the loving touch of her husbands arm and the kiss of her child, she cannot bear it any longer and cuts off all direct contact with them. The situation of her marriage forces her into a self-imposed imprisonment and indolence.She feels agonizingly poignant because she can no longer be who they want and need her to be. She avoids them not because she does not love them but rather because she loves them so much that it is too painful to see them and too troublesome for them to feel her failure. The axiom to Godwins story tells us that Once upon a time there was a wife and a mother one too many times (Godwin 38). The addition of one too many times to this traditional story opening forces the idea of repetition and monotony it suggests that it is not the state of being a wife and mother that is innately dreadful but rather the fact that that is all Godwins character is. Day in and day out, too many times over, the woman is just a wife and a mother, and it isnt enough for her.In van der Zees story there could be no such thing as too much motherhood or too much of being a wife. When Fayes fears of losing Kai are assuaged, and she is happily married, it is as though a great weight has been lifted off her. Alternatively, Godwins character feels her marriage as a great weight pressing on her which results in her immobilization. When she leaves her room for a day and puts out freshly baked bread for her husband and son, they express their happiness in the notes they write to her that night, and the force of the two joyful notespressed her into the corner of the little room she hardly had space to breathe (Godwin 42). Faye can be a traditional wife and mother, so her family is a source of joy. However, in Godwins characters case, she can no longer be the traditional wife and mother, the representation of her own failure, which inevitably draws her guilt to push her further and further into herself until she can retreat no further and ends her life.The closing stages of the two stories are powerful illustrations of the differences between them. In the end of A Secret Sorrow the author shows the reader Fayes feelings beautiful, complete, whole (Zee 38) in her roleas a wife and mother. Godwin, on the other hand, leaves the audience with the protagonist dead on her bed. Godwin seems to give the reader hope by showing all that the woman has done when she says, the house smelled redolently of renewal and spring (Godwin 42). This makes the misfortune even harder when one discovers, along with the husband and child, the womans death. The ambiguous way the death of Godwins unnamed protagonist is dealt with reinforces the authors negative tone towards marriage. It isnt explicitly written as suicide however, Godwin seems to encourage her readers to see it as the inevitable consequence of her marriage.Van der Zee creates a story full of emotional highs and lows, but one that leads up to and ends with marriage. After the marriage all of the plot twists and traumas come to a halt, replaced with peace and happiness. Faye is brought to new life by her marriage and children she finds fulfillment of all of her desires in them. Godwins story, however, is full of post marital anguish and confusion. The character she creates is stifled and unquestionably unfulfilled by her marriage.A burst of creative energy right before her death produces, among other things, a sheath of marvelous watercolor beasts accompanied by mad and fanciful stories nobody could ever make up again, and a tablet full of love sonnets addressed to the man (Godwin 42). It is clear that the woman had talents and desires not met by the routine duties of her marital life. For Faye, the protagonist of A Secret Sorrow, marriage is the happily-ever-after ending she has wanted all of her life for Godwins protagonist, marriage is just a monotonous and interminable ever after. In any case, humans cannot bear too much reality.Works CitedGodwin, Gail. A Sorrowful Woman . 38-42.Van der Zee, Karen. A Secret Sorrow. 30-38.

The Listeners by Walter de la Mare and Ozymandias by Percy Bysshe Shelley: Poems mystery

The Listeners by Walter de la Mare and Ozymandias by Percy Bysshe Shelley both immediately convey a sense of mystery as they are set in the past. Ozymandias revisits the very distant past and The Listeners revisits the past in the lifetime of a single man.Shelley uses the technique of a story at heart a story to grow mystery, where de la Mare uses an account. However they both make use of a lone traveller who visits lonely places to evoke a sense of fear, encouraging you to think about what might have happened in these places and that events could have been very sinister.Both poems have the main focus of an isolated bodily structureThat dwelt in the lone signal thenStood listening in the quiet of the moonlight(The Listeners, lines 14 & 15, Walter de la Mare)Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bareThe lone and take sands stretch far away.(Ozymandias, lines 13 & 14, Percy Bysshe Shelley)The poets inject both of these inanimate structures with a sense of humanity, which furthers the mysterious aura surrounding them. Shelley uses a human definition to do thisAnd wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command,(Ozymandias, line 5, Percy Bysshe Shelley)Where de la Mare instead uses the spirits of the Listeners to give the house a sense of humanity, as if the house itself is possessed and listening to the travellerAnd he felt in his heart their strangeness,Their stillness answering his cry,(The Listeners, lines 21 & 22, Walter de la Mare)Both poets cleverly use mental imagery to create pictures in our minds. De la Mare uses very detailed and lengthy descriptions, which build mystery and suspense and make you feel as if you are watching the lone travelerKnocking on the moonlit door(The Listeners, line 2, Walter de la Mare)This makes you feel very apprehensive.Shelleys descriptions in Ozymandias are more limited and quite a abrupt, which I think creates mystery because the reader has to use their imagination to picture events clearly.The poems differ at this point be cause in The Listeners, de la Mares setting is full of life, for casing he describes trees, turf, grass and a horse. In contrast to Ozymandias, where Shelley uses bleak descriptions of a setting, which indicates an extremely barren and empty expanse.The Listeners hints at the enduring quality of the spirits who watch in the house. Whereas Ozymandias gives a clear message of the ephemeral nature of the effects of power and pride.The end of each poem has both similarities and differences. Ozymandias has no clear end. there is nothing to sum it up. Shelley has left a gap to use our own imagination. But in The Listeners, de la Mare clearly describes the traveler retreating back to where he had come from. Creating a clear end to the story.The similarities arise at the end of each poem because both the poets use solelyiteration to describe distance, space and quiet. Shelley manages to create a large expanse of space, distance and emptinessThe lone and level sands stretch far away.(Ozy mandias, line 14, Percy Bysshe Shelley)But de la Mare creates a feeling of stillness, quiet and distance withAnd how the silence surged softly backwards,When the plunging hoofs were gone.(The Listeners, lines 35 & 36, Walter de la Mare)By using this alliteration right at the end of the poems and the S sound all the way through, both poets have finished with mystery and quiet foreboding of what might be.I think that both poems are telling a refinement story. They are quite frightening and very mysterious. Out of the two my favourite is the listeners. I prefer this as I think it is a clear story, which make me feel on edge. Where I found Ozymandias too vague and without a clear ending.

Emotional Memory Essay

Emotional repositing pertains to an individuals recollection of incidents that have occurred in the past. The mechanism behind such(prenominal) strong retention is mainly based on the emotions that are associated with that particular event, resulting in a increased level of caution that facilitates encoding of the event in the memory of an individual. Emotional memory is also involved in ruminations of the occurrence, regardless of the length of time that has already passed away since the f real(a) event.This kind of memory can be distinguished from other neurobiological concepts of memory because its retention is very strong due to the influence of emotions, which technically magnifies in nerve information of the incident. Research has shown that emotional memory is imprinted in the cortical region of the brain. This description is supported by honorings that several neural activities occur in the cortex, thereof facilitating memory retention. Several studies have indicated tha t emotional memory involves two major processes, namely encoding and post-encoding.The first process of encoding involves the heightened level of attention of an individual during the actual event, while post-encoding pertains to the consolidation of the expand of the event after the actual incident, coupled with enhancement that is triggered by the emotions that were set off at that time. One prime manakin of an emotional memory is the vivid recall of an contingency that is associated with physical injury and blood. Regardless of the length of time that the incident has occurred, the individual who was involved in the accident is still capable of remembering the accident even after several years.One complication of emotional memory is that an individual finds it difficult to dissociate his emotions with regards to a particular incident. It is so extremely hard for an individual to go back to the site of an accident if this person al almost died at that time. It has been suggest ed that evolution also plays a role in emotional memory, wherein the brain of human beings has acquired the capacity to retain details of an event in order to survive that particular incident.It may thus be possible that through fear, early primates and other higher mammals may have learned to stay away from predators and other harmful environmental components in order to survive in the wild. These species may have adapted such modes of memory by being subjected to extreme discomfort or torment that is related to incidents such as toxin exposure or predation and thus their perception for harmful conditions may have been imprinted in their brains and possibly passed on to their offspring.The claim mechanism behind the retrieval of memories associated with a particular incident based on emotional settings still remains elusive up to this date. The unique possess of storage for a prolonged period of time further complicates the pathway and several analysts have attempted to address this question. Neurobiologists have suggested that emotional memory may be act as a complete process unless an individual is able to retrieve the information associated with a specific incident in the past. computer memory of information, or encoding, is simply one component of the entire emotional memory pathway yet the retrieval of specific information is essential in find out that the entire process has been completed. It has also been suggested that emotional memory is easier to access over the neutral events, and this is also partly due to the role of amygdala, which influences how the genus Hippocampus functions at such events. In addition to the emotional influence, sleep also sways the brain to remember specific incidents, wherein the follow of sleep can result in a dogmatic or negative condition for memory.According to Sterpenic et al. (2007), memory is influenced by sleep through the imposition of neural correlates. Through the application of functional magnetic ring imaging ( fMRI), a simile of neural connections was examined among subjects who were able to sleep for a sufficient amount of time and those who were deprived of sleep. The investigation was designed towards a percentage point wherein the subjects were allowed to undergo post-encoding, which is one of the two stages of emotional memory. The investigation showed that subjects who received enough hours of sleep had the ability to remember the positive events that occurred.On the other hand, an interest observation came from those subjects who were subjected to a particular negative event. They observed that regardless of sufficiency or lack of sleep, the subject participant was able to retain the details of the negative event, most probably through the characteristic emotion that was generated from the negative stimuli. Another observation gathered by neurobiologists regarding emotional memory was that several regions of the brain were responsible in retaining such details and emoti ons. The two major brains areas involved in emotional memory were the genus Hippocampus and the cortex.Specific regions of the cortex that were responsible for emotional memory include the prefrontal cortex, which is also involved in criminality. It seems that negative emotions, such as that involved in emotional memory, are largely stored in this region of the brain. Moreover, fMRI scanning showed a functional connection between these two regions of the brain and the combinatorial effect of these regions was magnified when the incident is featured with negative stimuli or emotions. It is interesting to know that sleep may also have a selective effect on the memory of an individual.The amygdala was observed to only stimulate the hippocampus for encoding when a negative event has occurred and this happens with or without sleep. On the other hand, a happy incident will only be stored in the hippocampus if an individual receives enough sleep. Such selective storage of details may be la rgely influenced by emotions during that particular event, and not simply by the amount of time that an individual was able to sleep. Such kinds of research investigations are thus important in the providing a better understanding of how emotions influence an individuals memory and ultimately, ones mental condition.It has also been shown that emotions play a major role in the storage of details in the brain. In an investigation that involved manipulation of the context of emotion of subject participants, the activity of the neural networks in the brain was examined. A specific memory well-tried also allowed the comparison of retrieval capacities of the brain and the research conducted by Smith et al. (2005) showed that the presence of emotions increased the likelihood that an individual will retain the details of the incident.The emotional memory tested in this study showed that the actual area of brain involved in this mechanism is the left side of the amygdala, as well as the lef t side of the frontotemporal region of the cortex. The study also showed that the right side of the amydala and the frontotemporal cortex was not capable enough of storing details of a specific incident, regardless of its coupling to emotions. It is thus possible that when an individual has damaged the left side of his brain, then it is impossible for him to recall any other details of his past.It should also be understood that wisdom is mainly based on memory as well as emotion, yet for several yesterday there were not attempts performed into looking into the finer details of the pathway. In addition, there were also only a few reported regarding the interaction of the amygdala and the cortex and on how these two regions responded to each others messages. The advent of high definition imaging technologies such as the magnetic resonance imaging allowed the visualization of internal regions of the brain that were perceived to be out of reach(predicate) by an other analytical means. ReferencesSmith, A. P. , Henson, R. N. , Rugg, M. D. and Dolan, R. J. (2005). Modulation of retrieval processing reflects accuracy of emotional source memory. Learning and Memory, 12, 472479. Sterpenich, V. , Albouy, G. , Boly, M. , Vandewalle, G. , Darsaud, A. , Balteau, E. , Dang-Vu, T. T. , Desseilles. M. , DArgembeau, A. , Gais, S. , Rauchs, G. , Schabus, M. , Degueldre, C. , Luxen, A. , Collette, F. , Maquet, P. (2007). Sleep-related hippocampo-cortical interplay during emotional memory recollection. PloS Bi